Equitable access to speech practice for rural Australian children using the SayBananas! mobile game
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the effect, usage, and user-experience for SayBananas!, a Mario-style mobile game providing Australian children access to high-dose individualised speech therapy practice. Method Participants were 45 rural Australian children with speech sound disorders (SSD; 4;4-10;5 years) with internet access. This mixed-methods study involved: (a) recruitment, (b) eligibility screening, (c) questionnaire, (d) online pre-assessment, (e) SayBananas! intervention using motor learning principles (4 weeks, 10-15 target words), and (f) online post-assessment and interview. Usage and performance were automatically monitored. Result Most participants were highly engaged with SayBananas! completing a median of 44.71 trials/session (∼45% of the 100 trial/session target, range 7-194). After intervention, participants made significant gains on treated words and on formal assessment of percentage of consonants, vowels, and phonemes correct. There was no reliable change for parent-rated intelligibility or children's feelings about talking. The number of practice sessions was significantly correlated with percent change on treated words. On average, children rated the app as "happy/good/fun" providing detailed drawings of playing SayBananas!. Families provided high ratings of engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and quality. Conclusion SayBananas! is a viable and engaging solution for rural Australian children with SSD to gain access to equitable, cost-effective speech practice. Th…
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SayBananas! app involves tasks for the child to listen and produce selected target words, and provides feedback on target word accuracy as a correct/incorrect decision.
“This app involves tasks for the child user to both listen and produce selected target words, and is provided with feedback on target word accuracy, as a correct/incorrect decision (Hair et al. 2021; McLeod et al. 2023).”
From Self‐Supervised App‐Based Speech Training for Children With Speech Sound Disorder—A Single‐Case Experimental Design Study (2026) · cites this paper as McLeod et al. 2023
McLeod et al. (2023) evaluated 45 children over a 4-week self-supervised intervention and observed improved speech accuracy, though less pronounced than after longer intervention.
“In their subsequent evaluation of intervention for 45 children with (unspecified) SSD over a 4‐week self‐supervised intervention period, McLeod et al. (2023) also observed improved speech accuracy, although not quite as pronounced as after the longer intervention.”
From Self‐Supervised App‐Based Speech Training for Children With Speech Sound Disorder—A Single‐Case Experimental Design Study (2026) · cites this paper as McLeod et al. 2023
The observed dose frequency ranging between four and seven sessions per week in the present study is comparable to the frequency of four sessions per week in Hair et al. (2021) and McLeod et al. (2023), and higher than the frequency of 2-3 sessions per week in Peterson et al. (2022).
“Regarding dose frequency, on the other hand, the observed frequency ranging between four and seven sessions per week in the present study, is comparable to the frequency of four sessions per week in Hair et al. (2021) and McLeod et al. (2023), and higher than the frequency of 2–3 sessions per week in Peterson et al. (2022).”
From Self‐Supervised App‐Based Speech Training for Children With Speech Sound Disorder—A Single‐Case Experimental Design Study (2026) · cites this paper as McLeod et al. 2023
The current study employed a shorter and less supervised form of intervention as compared to previous investigations.
“In terms of intervention delivery, the current study employed a shorter and less supervised form of intervention as compared to previous investigations.”
From Self‐Supervised App‐Based Speech Training for Children With Speech Sound Disorder—A Single‐Case Experimental Design Study (2026) · cites this paper as McLeod et al. 2023
Pop2TalkNordic offers more auditory exposure to target words than opportunities to production compared to both staRt and SayBananas!.
“It should be noted, however, that there is a critical difference between these speech‐training tools, where Pop2TalkNordic offers more auditory exposure to target words than opportunities to production compared to both staRt and SayBananas!.”
From Self‐Supervised App‐Based Speech Training for Children With Speech Sound Disorder—A Single‐Case Experimental Design Study (2026) · cites this paper as McLeod et al. 2023
Compared to the observed dose of 76 production efforts in Hair et al. (2021) and 200 in Peterson et al. (2022), the present study's dose is markedly lower, whereas it is more similar to the 45 observed in McLeod et al. (2023).
“Compared to the observed dose of 76 production efforts in Hair et al. (2021), and 200 in Peterson et al. (2022), it is markedly lower, whereas it is more similar to the 45 observed in McLeod et al. (2023).”
From Self‐Supervised App‐Based Speech Training for Children With Speech Sound Disorder—A Single‐Case Experimental Design Study (2026) · cites this paper as McLeod et al. 2023
The results that intervention with Pop2TalkNordic was not successful for the participating children runs counter to the positive results reported in previous studies of app-based speech intervention for children with SSD.
“The results that intervention with Pop2TalkNordic was not successful for the participating children runs counter to the positive results reported in previous studies of app‐based speech intervention for children with SSD (Hair et al. 2021; McLeod et al. 2023; Peterson et al. 2022).”
From Self‐Supervised App‐Based Speech Training for Children With Speech Sound Disorder—A Single‐Case Experimental Design Study (2026) · cites this paper as McLeod et al. 2023
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References 48 · Cited by 13
- Authors
- McLeod, S., Kelly, G., Ahmed, B., & Ballard, K. J.
- Affiliations
- Charles Sturt University (AU)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- McLeod, Sharynne
- Venue
- International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2023-05-04
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 388-402
- ISSN
- 1441-7049 (ISSN-L)
- 1754-9507
- 1754-9515
- OpenAlex
- W4378172306
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1
- FWCI
- 6.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Language Development and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Voice and Speech Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Educational Games and Gamification
- Keywords
- mobile games, speech sound disorders, speech therapy practice, rural children, motor learning, app usage, user experience, parent ratings, speech production
- MeSH terms
- Australia, Child, Humans, Speech, Speech Production Measurement, Video Games, Mobile Applications, Speech Sound Disorder
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