Animal- versus in vitro-derived antibodies: avoiding the extremes
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The hybridoma-to-recombinant progression in NPC2-5 assays mirrors broader trends toward animal-free antibody production that eliminates batch variability while enabling molecular engineering opportunities.
“This hybridoma-to-recombinant progression in NPC2-5 assays mirrors broader trends toward animal-free antibody production that eliminates batch variability while enabling molecular engineering opportunities such as affinity maturation and multi-formatting (humanization, Fc-modifications) (Bradbury and Plückthun, 2015; Bradbury et al., 2021).”
From Challenges and solutions in transitioning to animal-free standards: a comprehensive analysis of components in human cell-based developmental neurotoxicity assays (2026) · cites this paper as Bradbury et al., 2021
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Cites
Reproducibility: Standardize antibodies used in research
Bradbury, A., & Plückthun, A. (2015) · Nature · doi:10.1038/518027a · Cited by 647 · see citing works
Self-citationBiophysical properties of the clinical-stage antibody landscape
Jain, T., Sun, T., Durand, S., Hall, A., Houston, N. R., Nett, J. H., Sharkey, B., Bobrowicz, B., Caffry, I., Yu, Y., et al. (2017) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1616408114 · Cited by 629 · see citing works
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Research works printed but not linked: 8
- [1]González-Fernández Á, Bermúdez Silva FJ, López-Hoyos M, Cobaleda C, Montoliu L, Del Val M, Leech K. Non-animal-derived monoclonal antibodies are not ready to substitute current hybridoma technology. Nat Methods. 2020; 17: 1069– 3. doi: 10.1038/s41592-020-00977-5. 33020658 · DOI
- [2]Truppo M, Yancopoulos G, Murphy AJ, Bradley A, Green L, Lorenz I. Non-animal-derived antibodies: pharma companies respond. Nature. 2020; 586(7830): 500. doi: 10.1038/d41586-020-02923-z. 33082540 · DOI
- [3]Custers R, Steyaert J. Discussions on the quality of antibodies are no reason to ban animal immunization. EMBO Rep. 2020: e51761. doi: 10.15252/embr.202051761. 33179844 PMC7726777 · DOI
- [11]Bradbury A, Plückthun A. Antibodies: validate recombinants once. Nature. 2015; 520: 295. doi: 10.1038/520295b. 25877194 · DOI
- [12]Bradbury AR, Plückthun A. Getting to reproducible antibodies: the rationale for sequenced recombinant characterized reagents. Protein Eng Des Sel. 2015; 28: 303– 05. doi: 10.1093/protein/gzv051. 26446960 · DOI
- [14]Gray A, Bradbury A, Knappik A, Plückthun A, Borrebaeck CAK, Dübel S. Animal-free alternatives and the antibody iceberg. Nat Biotechnol. 2020; 38: 1234– 39. doi: 10.1038/s41587-020-0687-9. 33046876 · DOI · Paper page
- [15]Polakiewicz RD. Antibodies: the solution is validation. Nature. 2015; 518(7540): 483. doi: 10.1038/518483b. 25719656 · DOI
- [16]Prabakaran P, Rao SP, Wendt M. Animal immunization merges with innovative technologies: a new paradigm shift in antibody discovery. MAbs. 2021; 13: 1924347. doi: 10.1080/19420862.2021.1924347. 33947305 PMC8118498 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Spänle, J. V., Haiber, L. M., & Seeger, B. (2026) · Frontiers in Toxicology · doi:10.3389/ftox.2026.1800157 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bradbury, A. R. M., Dübel, S., Knappik, A., & Plückthun, A.
- Affiliations
- Specifica Inc., Santa Fe, NM, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Bio-Rad, Puchheim, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Venue
- mAbs
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2021-01-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 1
- ISSN
- 1942-0862
- 1942-0870
- PMC
- PMC8293942
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 2
- Language
- en
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