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Cited by 47Fish Ecology and Management StudiesMarine and fisheries researchFish Biology and Ecology Studies

Stock-Specific Size and Timing at Ocean Entry of Columbia River Juvenile Chinook Salmon and Steelhead: Implications for Early Ocean Growth

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Weitkamp, Laurie A., Teel, David J., Liermann, Martin, Hinton, Susan A., Van Doornik, Donald M., Bentley, Paul J.·2015·Marine and Coastal Fisheries
DOI 10.1080/19425120.2015.1047476
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Abstract

Abstract Juvenile salmon transitioning from freshwater to marine environments experience high variation in growth and survival, yet the specific causes of this variation are poorly understood. Size at and timing of ocean entry may contribute to this variation because they influence both the availability of prey and vulnerability to predators. To explore this issue, we used stock assignments based on genetic stock identification and internal tags to document the stock-specific size and timing of juvenile hatchery and presumed wild Columbia River Chinook Salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and steelhead O. mykiss at ocean entry during 2007–2011. We found that juvenile salmon and steelhead had consistent stock-specific capture dates, with lower-river stocks typically having earlier timing than those originating farther upstream. Mean size also varied among stocks and was related to hatchery practices. Hatchery yearling Chinook Salmon and steelhead were consistently larger than wild fish from the same stocks, although timing in the estuary was similar. In contrast, hatchery subyearling Chinook Salmon were of similar size to wild fish but entered the ocean up to a month earlier. We evaluated the potential importance of these traits on early marine growth by estimating stock-specific growth rates for Chinook Salmon caught in estuarine and ocean habitats. Growth rates were related to relative ocean entry timing, with lower growth rates for stocks that had only recently arrived in marine waters. Our results demonstrate that stocks within a single basin can differ in their size and timing of ocean entry, life history traits that contribute to early marine growth and potentially to the survival of juvenile salmon. Our results also highlight the necessity of considering stock-specific variation in life history traits to understand salmon ecology and survival across the entire life cycle. Received January 16, 2015; accepted April 28, 2015

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  • Presumed wild individuals were smaller than their hatchery counterparts.

    “Presumed wild individuals were smaller than their hatchery counterparts, a well-documented difference (Quinn 2005;Weitkamp et al. 2015;Bottom et al. 2021).”

    From Life in the Fast Lane: Feeding and Growth of Juvenile Steelhead and Chinook Salmon in <scp>Main‐Stem</scp> Habitats of the Columbia River Estuary (2022) · cites this paper as Weitkamp et al. 2015

    In “Differences between Hatchery and Wild Fish,” the paper reports that hatchery yearling Chinook Salmon and steelhead were larger than unclipped (presumed wild) fish. It also says hatchery subyearling Chinook Salmon were not larger than wild fish from the same stocks, so the unqualified claim does not hold for every group studied. (LLM, conf=0.90)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Previous studies have warned of potential competition between larger and numerically dominant hatchery salmon and smaller wild salmon in the CRE based on high temporal and spatial overlap in shallow and main-stem habitats.

    “Previous studies have warned of potential competition between larger and numerically dominant hatchery salmon and smaller wild salmon in the CRE based on high temporal and spatial overlap in shallow and main-stem habitats (Bottom et al. 2011(Bottom et al. , 2021;;Teel et al. 2014;Weitkamp et al. 2015).”

    From Life in the Fast Lane: Feeding and Growth of Juvenile Steelhead and Chinook Salmon in <scp>Main‐Stem</scp> Habitats of the Columbia River Estuary (2022) · cites this paper as Weitkamp et al. 2015

  • Juvenile salmon captured near rkm 15 originated from the Willamette River; lower, mid-, and upper Columbia River; and Snake River basins, according to genetic-stock analysis and tag data.

    “According to genetic-stock analysis and tag data (coded-wire tag, PIT tag), the origins of juvenile salmon captured near rkm 15 for this research included the Willamette River; lower, mid-, and upper Columbia River; and Snake River basins (Weitkamp et al. 2015).”

    From Evidence‐based evaluation of the cumulative effects of ecosystem restoration (2016) · cites this paper as Weitkamp et al. 2015

  • Stomach contents at rkm 15 are an integrative measurement of prior feeding in the LCRE rather than a point estimate, given rapid travel times (>50 km/d) of yearling juvenile salmon through the LCRE, though residence times can be longer by life history strategy.

    “Stomach contents at rkm 15 should not be considered a point estimate, but rather an integrative measurement of prior feeding in the LCRE, given the rapid travel times (>50 km/d) estimated for yearling juvenile salmon migrating through the LCRE (Harnish et al. 2012, Weitkamp et al. 2015), though residence times in the LCRE can be considerably longer according to life history strategy (Johnson et al”

    From Evidence‐based evaluation of the cumulative effects of ecosystem restoration (2016) · cites this paper as Weitkamp et al. 2015

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Research works printed but not linked: 56

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Authors
Weitkamp, L. A., Teel, D. J., Liermann, M., Hinton, S. A., Van Doornik, D. M., & Bentley, P. J.
Affiliations
  • NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service (US)
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (US)
  • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Conservation Biology Division, Manchester Field Station, Post Office Box 130, Manchester, Washington, 98353, USA
Corresponding author
Weitkamp, Laurie A.
ORCID
Liermann, Martin
Venue
Marine and Coastal Fisheries
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
2015-01-01
Volume
7
Issue
1
Pages
370-392
ISSN
1942-5120 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1080/19425120.2015.1047476
OpenAlex
W1948282987
Cited by
47
References
96
Citations by year
2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 1
FWCI
5.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Marine and Coastal Fisheries (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
  • BioOne Complete (BioOne) (submittedVersion)
  • OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • Northwest Fisheries Science Center
  • Bonneville Power Administration
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Nature and Landscape Conservation › Fish Ecology and Management Studies
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Marine and fisheries research
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Aquatic Science › Fish Biology and Ecology Studies
Keywords
Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, steelhead, juvenile salmon, hatchery effects, growth rate, genetic stock identification, Columbia River, estuaries, life-history traits, predator vulnerability

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