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Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment
Abstract
In the field of wastewater treatment, energy-intensive and highly mechanized technologies are giving way to nature-based technologies that utilize solar energy and living organisms. Constructed treatment wetland (CTW) technology has played an important role in bringing about the change. Wetland technology can provide cheap and effective wastewater treatment in both temperate and tropical climates, and are suitable for adoption in both industrialized as well as developing nations. Currently, CTWs are being utilized for removal of a range of pollutants and a broad variety of wastewaters worldwide. The objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive review of the CTW technology and to present the pollutant removal performance experiences gathered through the application of this technology around the world.
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Citations
Cited by
Removal of nutrients in various types of constructed wetlands
Vymazal, J. (2007) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.09.014 · Cited by 2,762
Patel, M., Kumar, R., Kishor, K., Mlsna, T., Pittman, C. U., & Mohan, D. (2019) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00299 · Cited by 2,654
Ecological restoration of mine degraded soils, with emphasis on metal contaminated soils
Wong, M. H. (2003) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00232-1 · Cited by 1,059
Kivaisi, A. K. (2001) · Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1016/s0925-8574(00)00113-0 · Cited by 861
Emergent plants used in free water surface constructed wetlands: A review
Vymazal, J. (2013) · Ecological Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.06.023 · Cited by 503
Metadata
- Authors
- Sundaravadivel, M., & Vigneswaran, S.
- Venue
- Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2001-10
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 351-409
- ISSN
- 1064-3389 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-6537
- OpenAlex
- W2042673934
- Cited by
- 353
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 32.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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