The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Potential protective immunogenicity of tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid and Cross Reacting Material 197 (CRM197) when used as carrier proteins in glycoconjugates
Open accessAbstract
When tetanus toxoid (TT), diphtheria toxoid (DT) or Cross Reacting Material 197 (CRM197), a non-toxic diphtheria toxin mutant protein, are used as carrier proteins in glycoconjugate vaccines, these carriers induce a protein specific antibody response as measured by in vitro assays. Here, it was evaluated whether or not glycoconjugates based on TT, DT or CRM197 can induce a protective immune response as measured by potency tests according to the European Pharmacopoeia. It could be shown, that the conjugate carriers TT and DT can induce a protective immune response against a lethal challenge by toxins in animals, while glycoconjugates based on CRM197 failed to induce a protective immune response. Opportunities for new applications of glycoconjugates are discussed.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Bröker, M., Costantino, P., DeTora, L. M., McIntosh, E. D. G., & Rappuoli, R. (2011) · Biologicals · doi:10.1016/j.biologicals.2011.05.004 · Cited by 131
Self-citationGlycoconjugate vaccines: an update
Vella, M., & Pace, D. (2014) · Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy · doi:10.1517/14712598.2015.993375 · Cited by 73
Lockyer, K., Gao, F., Derrick, J. P., & Bolgiano, B. (2015) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2015.01.046 · Cited by 30
Evolving meningococcal immunization strategies
Sáfadi, M. A. P., Bettinger, J. A., Maturana, G. M., Enwere, G., & Borrow, R. (2014) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1586/14760584.2015.979799 · Cited by 29
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- 2004, Assay of Diphtheria Vaccine (Adsorbed), General Method 2.7.6. Ph. Eur.
- 2004, Assay of Tetanus Vaccine (Adsorbed), General Method 2.7.8. Ph. Eur.
Cited by
Application of built-in adjuvants for epitope-based vaccines
Lei, Y., Zhao, F., Shao, J., Li, Y., Li, S., Chang, H., & Zhang, Y. (2019) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.6185 · Cited by 115
Metadata
- Authors
- Bröker, M.
- Affiliations
- GlaxoSmithKline (Germany) (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Bröker, Michael
- Venue
- Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-09
- Volume
- 12
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 664-667
- ISSN
- 2164-5515 (ISSN-L)
- 2164-554X
- PMC
- PMC4964734
- OpenAlex
- W1255199803
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Diphtheria, Corynebacterium, and Tetanus
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Organic Chemistry › Carbohydrate Chemistry and Synthesis
- Keywords
- tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid, CRM197, carrier proteins, glycoconjugate vaccines, protective immune response, potency assay, European Pharmacopoeia
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial, Bacterial Proteins, Carrier Proteins, Diphtheria, Diphtheria Toxoid, Disease Models, Animal, Glycoconjugates, Tetanus, Tetanus Toxoid, Survival Analysis, Vaccines, Conjugate
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Potential protective immunogenicity of tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid and Cross Reacting Material 197 (CRM197) when used as carrier proteins in glycoconjugates. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1080/21645515.2015.1086048
- The paper
- Bröker, M. (2016). Potential protective immunogenicity of tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxoid and Cross Reacting Material 197 (CRM197) when used as carrier proteins in glycoconjugates. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2015.1086048
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
