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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oil of Eugenia caryophyllata Cloves Extracted by Conventional and Microwave Techniques
Abstract
In this present study, we evaluated composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of clove essential oil. Volatile oils of Eugenia caryophyllata were isolated from cloves after cryogrinding by three methods, conventional hydrodistillation (HD), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and microwave steam distillation (MSD). The results show that the MAE and MSD techniques constitutes the adequate technique for the extraction operations for the yields and the high content in major component and allows minimizing the energy consumption, the heating time and the formation of artefact products. The proposed methods provide more valuable essential oils with high percentage in eugenol what allows to obtain more biologically active essential oils. The MAE and MSD are green technique since reduce environmental burden (less CO2 in the atmosphere). Essential oils from Eugenia caryophyllata were subjected to in vitro antibacterial assay against human pathogenic Escherichia coli, Klelsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Fusarium culmorum, and Aspergillus carbonarius using disc diffusion method. The antioxidant properties (2,2-diphenyl-picryl-hydrazyl radical (DPPH)) of essential oil and pure eugenol isolated were examined.
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β-Caryophyllene has demonstrated antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anxiolytic-like, and local anesthetic effects and anticancer properties, including against prostate, breast, pancreatic, skin, leukemia, lymphatic, and cervical cancer.
“It has demonstrated antimicrobial, anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anxiolytic-like, and local anesthetic effects and anticancer properties, including against prostate, breast, pancreatic, skin, leukemia, lymphatic, and cervical cancer [11,14,21,37,38,39,40,41].”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
These extracts preserved their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.
“These extracts preserved their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties.”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
The essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata seed obtained by microwave-assisted extraction and microwave-assisted steam distillation contained a high percentage of eugenol (65-71%).
“Kennouche et al. [21] reported that the essential oil of Eugenia caryophyllata seed obtained by MAE and MSD contained a high percentage of eugenol (65–71%).”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
Advanced extraction methods improve organic compound extraction yield by applying microwave or ultrasonic energy, which can destroy the cell walls of the plant matrix, allowing compounds to flow better from the biological material.
“These methods improve organic compound extraction yield by applying microwave or ultrasonic energy, which can destroy the cell walls of the plant matrix, allowing the compounds to flow better from the biological material [5,15,21].”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
Microwave-assisted extraction reduces energy consumption, heating time, and organic extract degradation.
“MAE reduces energy consumption, heating time, and organic extract degradation [19,21,22].”
From Clove essential oil (Syzygium aromaticum L. Myrtaceae): Extraction, chemical composition, food applications, and essential bioactivity for human health (2021) · cites this paper as [21]
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Haro-González, J. N., Castillo-Herrera, G. A., Martínez-Velázquez, M., & Espinosa-Andrews, H. (2021) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules26216387 · Cited by 463
Metadata
- Authors
- Kennouche, A., Benkaci-Ali, F., Scholl, G., & Eppe, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Sciences and Technology Houari Boumediene (DZ)
- University of Liège (BE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2015-01-02
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-11
- ISSN
- 2231-1866 (ISSN-L)
- 2231-1874
- OpenAlex
- W2007812117
- Cited by
- 14
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 1 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Biologically Active Products from Nature (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Essential Oils and Antimicrobial Activity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Insect Pest Control Strategies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Medicinal Plant Research
- Keywords
- Syzygium aromaticum, clove oil, eugenol, microwave-assisted extraction, hydrodistillation, essential oil composition, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, DPPH radical scavenging, green extraction, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Fusarium culmorum, Aspergillus carbonarius
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