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Cited by 54Suicide and Self-Harm StudiesPoisoning and overdose treatmentsHomicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse

Risk Factors for Suicide and other Deaths Following Hospital Treated Self-Poisoning in Australia

Reith, David M., Whyte, Ian, Carter, Greg, McPherson, Michelle, Carter, Natalia·2004·Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
DOI 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01405.x
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Abstract

Objective: To analyze the risk factors for suicide, premature death and all-cause death in a representative population of hospital-treated deliberate self-poisoning patients. Method: A prospective cohort study using data-linkage between the Hunter Area Toxicology Service Database and the National Death Index of the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, from January 1991 to December 2000. Results: There were 4105 subjects, of whom 228 (5.6%) died, 122 (2.9%) by premature death and 58 (1.4%) by suicide. The probability of suicide after 10 years follow-up was 2%. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) for suicide were: ‘disorders usually diagnosed in infancy, childhood and adolescence’, 5.28 (95% CI = 2.04–13.65): male gender, 4.25 (95% CI = 2.21–8.14); discharge to involuntary psychiatric hospital admission, 3.20 (95% CI = 1.78–5.76); and increasing age, 1.02 (95% CI = 1.01–1.04). Men and women showed different patterns of multivariate risks, although increased risk with increasing age and discharge to an involuntary psychiatric admission was true for both. The standardized all-cause mortality ratio (95% CI) was: for men, 6.42 (95% CI = 5.44–7.57), and for women 4.39 (95% CI = 3.56–5.41). The standardized suicide mortality ratio (95% CI) was: for men, 20.55 (95% CI = 15.24–27.73), and for women 22.95 (95% CI = 13.82–38.11). Conclusions: Men and women have different risk factors for subsequent suicide after selfpoisoning. Hospital-treated self-poisoning patients have increased risk of subsequent suicide, premature and all-cause death. Psychiatric assessment, leading to discharge decisions, is worthwhile in identifying patients at long-term risk of suicide, premature and all-cause death.

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Crossref · 10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01405.x

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  • Five studies found an increased risk of suicide for people admitted involuntarily.

    “However, five studies found an increased risk of suicide for people admitted involuntarily (98–102), and one study found that involuntary admission was associated with a greater risk of all-cause mortality (with no deaths attributable to suicide in either group) (103).”

    From The benefits and harms of inpatient involuntary psychiatric treatment: a scoping review (2025) · cites this paper as [102]

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Authors
Reith, D. M., Whyte, I., Carter, G., McPherson, M., & Carter, N.
Affiliations
  • Dunedin Public Hospital (NZ)
  • University of Newcastle Australia (AU)
  • Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
  • Australian Institute of Health and Welfare (AU)
  • Department of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Newcastle Mater Hospital, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
Corresponding author
Reith, David M.
ORCID
Venue
Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2004-07
Volume
38
Issue
7
Pages
520-525
ISSN
  • 0004-8674 (ISSN-L)
  • 1440-1614
DOI
10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01405.x
OpenAlex
W2106992710
Cited by
54
References
32
Citations by year
2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
FWCI
3.19
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Suicide and Self-Harm Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Emergency Medicine › Poisoning and overdose treatments
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Homicide, Infanticide, and Child Abuse
Keywords
self-poisoning, suicide, premature mortality, all-cause mortality, risk factors, psychiatric hospital admissions, mental illness, sex differences, hospital discharge decisions, long-term follow-up
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Emergency Services, Psychiatric, Female, Hospitalization, Humans, Male, Poisoning, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Suicide, Attempted, Cohort Studies, Survival Rate

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