Longitudinal Perspective: Adverse Childhood Events, Substance Use, and Labor Force Participation Among Homeless Adults
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: We examined the long-term effects of adverse childhood events on adulthood substance use, social service utilization, and subsequent labor force participation. METHODS: A county-wide probability sample of 397 homeless adults was interviewed three times in a 15-month period. By using a path model, literature-based relationships between adverse childhood events and labor force participation with the mediating effects of adulthood substance use and service use were tested. RESULTS: Adverse childhood events were precursors to adulthood alcohol and drug use. Consistent substance use was negatively associated with long-term labor force participation and with social service utilization among homeless adults. Adverse events at childhood, however, were positively associated with service use. CONCLUSIONS: Adverse childhood events may contribute to negative adulthood consequences, including consistent substance use and reduced labor force participation. Agencies that are involved in halting the abuse or neglect also should participate in more preventive interventions. Job-related assistance is particularly important to facilitate employment and labor force participation among homeless adults.
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The relationship between child maltreatment and employment status in adulthood has rarely been examined.
“the relationship between child maltreatment and employment status in adulthood has rarely been examined”
From A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH (2014) · cites this paper as Tam, Zlotnick, & Robertson, 2003
The association between exposure to IPV in childhood and adolescence and employment outcomes has not been directly studied.
“the association between exposure to IPV in childhood and adolescence, and employment outcomes, has not been directly studied”
From A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ON THE IMPACT OF EXPOSURE TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE FOR CHILDREN AND YOUTH (2014) · cites this paper as Tam, Zlotnick, & Robertson, 2003
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- Authors
- Tam, T. W., Zlotnick, C., & Robertson, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Public Health Institute (US)
- ORCID
- Zlotnick, Cheryl
- Venue
- The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2003-01
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 829-846
- ISSN
- 0095-2990 (ISSN-L)
- 1097-9891
- OpenAlex
- W2076625962
- Cited by
- 68
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 4.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Labor
- National Institutes of Health (5r01aa012019-02, 5r01mh046104-03)
- National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (AA12019)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH46104)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Homelessness and Social Issues
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Keywords
- adverse childhood experiences, childhood abuse and neglect, homeless adults, substance use, alcohol consumption, drug use, labor force participation, employment, social service utilization, mediation, long-term effects, employment support
- MeSH terms
- Adult, California, Child, Child Abuse, Employment, Female, Foster Home Care, Ill-Housed Persons, Humans, Interviews as Topic, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Regression Analysis, Social Work, Time, Substance-Related Disorders
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