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THE MINIMUM VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS OF THE L AND H E L A CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURE, THE PRODUCTION OF SPECIFIC VITAMIN DEFICIENCIES, AND THEIR CURE
Open accessAbstract
SEVEN VITAMINS HAVE TO DATE PROVED ESSENTIAL FOR THE SURVIVAL AND MULTIPLICATION OF A MOUSE FIBROBLAST (STRAIN L) AND A HUMAN CARCINOMA CELL (STRAIN HELA) IN TISSUE CULTURE: choline, folic acid, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, riboflavin, and thiamin. It was necessary to cultivate the cells for 5 to 15 days in a medium lacking the specific vitamin before the deficiency became apparent in the cessation of multiplication and the development of specific cytopathogenic effects. In their early stages these changes could be reversed by the addition of the missing vitamin, an in vitro, "cure" of a vitamin deficiency. The maximally effective concentrations were in the range 10(7) to 10(8) gm. per ml. The probability that additional vitamins not demonstrably essential under the conditions of the present experiments are nevertheless required for survival and growth is discussed in the text.
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“the optimal growth of cultured HeLa cells requires a 10- to a 100-fold molar excess of glutamine in culture medium relative to other amino acids”
From The emerging hallmarks of cancer metabolism (2016) · cites this paper as Eagle, 1955
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THE SPECIFIC AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS OF A MAMMALIAN CELL (STRAIN L) IN TISSUE CULTURE
Eagle, H. (1955) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)70932-0 · Cited by 287
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Metadata
- Authors
- Eagle, H.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Eagle, Harry
- Venue
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 1955-11-01
- Volume
- 102
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 595-600
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- PMC
- PMC2136536
- OpenAlex
- W2019391401
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 24.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- cc-by-nc-sa
- Locations
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Folate and B Vitamins Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Alcoholism and Thiamine Deficiency
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cancer and biochemical research
- Keywords
- vitamin requirements, vitamin deficiency, L cells, HeLa cells, mouse fibroblasts, human carcinoma cells, tissue culture, choline, folic acid, nicotinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, riboflavin, thiamine, cytopathic effect, cell proliferation, vitamin supplementation, essential vitamins
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Avitaminosis, Folic Acid, HeLa Cells, Humans, Neoplasms, Experimental, Riboflavin, Thiamine, Vitamin A, Vitamins, Tissue Culture Techniques, Mice
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