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Human keratinocytes contain mRNA indistinguishable from monocyte interleukin 1 alpha and beta mRNA. Keratinocyte epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor is identical to interleukin 1.
Open accessAbstract
Keratinocytes produce an IL-1 like factor termed epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor (ETAF). In this study, we show that ETAF and IL-1 are identical by the following criteria: Both normal and malignant human keratinocytes contain mRNAs identical to monocytic IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta mRNA, as determined by an S1 nuclease protection assay; and IL-1 activity in medium conditioned by these cells can be neutralized by antibodies specific for human IL-1. The IL-1 alpha and IL-1 beta mRNAs can be identified in cultured human keratinocytes in the absence of identifiable stimulation; this basal level of mRNA can be further induced to accumulate with certain defined stimuli. Cultured normal human keratinocytes (HFKs) contain 2-4 times more IL-1 alpha than IL-1 beta mRNA; in contrast, human peripheral blood monocytes contain 10-20 times more IL-1 beta than IL-1 alpha mRNA. The IL-1 activity released by these HFK can be neutralized by an antibody that neutralizes both alpha and beta IL-1, but not by an antibody that neutralizes only IL-1 beta. While human monocytes produce a large excess of IL-1 beta after appropriate stimulation, these data suggest that IL-1 alpha is a major (and may be the predominant) form of IL-1 produced by human keratinocytes.
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Citations
Cited by
Keratins and the Keratinocyte Activation Cycle
Freedberg, I. M., Tomic-Canic, M., Komine, M., & Blumenberg, M. (2001) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2001.01327.x · Cited by 567
The Inflammasome Mediates UVB-Induced Activation and Secretion of Interleukin-1β by Keratinocytes
Feldmeyer, L., Keller, M., Niklaus, G., Hohl, D., Werner, S., & Beer, H.-D. (2007) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2007.05.074 · Cited by 544
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Robson, M. C., Steed, D. L., & Franz, M. G. (2001) · Current Problems in Surgery · doi:10.1067/msg.2001.111167 · Cited by 503
Baliwag, J., Barnes, D. H., & Johnston, A. (2015) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2014.12.014 · Cited by 373
Cai, Y., Xue, F., Fleming, C., Yang, J., Ding, C., Ma, Y., Liu, M., Zhang, H.-G., Zheng, J., Xiong, N., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4986 · Cited by 162
Metadata
- Authors
- Kupper, T. S., Ballard, D. W., Chua, A. O., McGuire, J. S., Flood, P. M., Horowitz, M. C., Langdon, R., Lightfoot, L., & Gubler, U.
- Venue
- The Journal of experimental medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 1986-12-01
- Volume
- 164
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 2095-2100
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- OpenAlex
- W2168539583
- Cited by
- 386
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 14.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Human keratinocytes contain mRNA indistinguishable from monocyte interleukin 1 alpha and beta mRNA. Keratinocyte epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor is identical to interleukin 1. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1084/jem.164.6.2095
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- Kupper, T. S., Ballard, D. W., Chua, A. O., McGuire, J. S., Flood, P. M., Horowitz, M. C., Langdon, R., Lightfoot, L., & Gubler, U. (1986). Human keratinocytes contain mRNA indistinguishable from monocyte interleukin 1 alpha and beta mRNA. Keratinocyte epidermal cell-derived thymocyte-activating factor is identical to interleukin 1. The Journal of experimental medicine. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.164.6.2095
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