The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Act as Adjuvants that Switch on T Helper 1 (Th1) Immunity
Open accessAbstract
Synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) that contain unmethylated CpG motifs (CpG ODN) induce macrophages to secrete IL-12, which induces interferon (IFN)-γ secretion by natural killer (NK) cells. Since these cytokines can induce T helper 1 (Th1) differentiation, we examined the effects of coadministered CpG ODN on the differentiation of Th responses to hen egg lysozyme (HEL). In both BALB/c (Th2-biased) and B10.D2 (Th1-biased) mice, immunization with HEL in incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) resulted in Th2-dominated immune responses characterized by HEL-specific secretion of IL-5 but not IFN-γ. In contrast, immunization with IFA-HEL plus CpG ODN switched the immune response to a Th1-dominated cytokine pattern, with high levels of HEL-specific IFN-γ secretion and decreased HEL-specific IL-5 production. IFA-HEL plus CpG ODN also induced anti-HEL IgG2a (a Th1-associated isotype), which was not induced by IFA-HEL alone. Control non–CpG ODN did not induce IFN-γ or IgG2a, excepting lesser increases in B10.D2 (Th1-biased) mice. Thus, CpG ODN provide a signal to switch on Th1-dominated responses to coadministered antigen and are potential adjuvants for human vaccines to elicit protective Th1 immunity.
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Citations
Cites
CpG-rich islands and the function of DNA methylation
Bird, A. P. (1986) · Nature · doi:10.1038/321209a0 · Cited by 3,777
CpG motifs in bacterial DNA trigger direct B-cell activation
Krieg, A. M., Yi, A.-K., Matson, S., Waldschmidt, T. J., Bishop, G. A., Teasdale, R., Koretzky, G. A., & Klinman, D. M. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/374546a0 · Cited by 3,508
Self-citation
Cited by
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Wynn, T. A. (2015) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/nri3831 · Cited by 678
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Hartmann, G., & Krieg, A. M. (2000) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.164.2.944 · Cited by 605
Self-citationImmunostimulatory DNA ameliorates experimental and spontaneous murine colitis
Rachmilewitz, D., Karmeli, F., Takabayashi, K., Hayashi, T., Leider-Trejo, L., Lee, J., Leoni, L. M., & Raz, E. (2002) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/gast.2002.32994 · Cited by 384
Distribution of DNA Vaccines Determines Their Immunogenicity After Intramuscular Injection in Mice
Dupuis, M., Denis-Mize, K., Woo, C., Goldbeck, C., Selby, M. J., Chen, M., Otten, G. R., Ulmer, J. B., Donnelly, J. J., Ott, G., et al. (2000) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.165.5.2850 · Cited by 327
Metadata
- Authors
- Chu, R. S., Targoni, O. S., Krieg, A. M., Lehmann, P. V., & Harding, C. V.
- Venue
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 1997-11-17
- Volume
- 186
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1623-1631
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- OpenAlex
- W2117761826
- Cited by
- 1,002
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 28.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Act as Adjuvants that Switch on T Helper 1 (Th1) Immunity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1084/jem.186.10.1623
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- Chu, R. S., Targoni, O. S., Krieg, A. M., Lehmann, P. V., & Harding, C. V. (1997). CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides Act as Adjuvants that Switch on T Helper 1 (Th1) Immunity. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.186.10.1623
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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