The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Apoptosis Control in Syncytia Induced by the HIV Type 1–Envelope Glycoprotein Complex
Open accessAbstract
Syncytia arising from the fusion of cells expressing a lymphotropic HIV type 1–encoded envelope glycoprotein complex (Env) with cells expressing the CD4/CXC chemokine receptor 4 complex spontaneously undergo cell death. Here we show that this process is accompanied by caspase activation and signs of mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (MMP), including the release of intermembrane proteins such as cytochrome c (Cyt-c) and apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) from mitochondria. In Env-induced syncytia, caspase inhibition did not suppress AIF- and Cyt-c translocation, yet it prevented all signs of nuclear apoptosis. Translocation of Bax to mitochondria led to MMP, which was inhibited by microinjected Bcl-2 protein or bcl-2 transfection. Bcl-2 also prevented the subsequent nuclear chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation. The release of AIF occurred before that of Cyt-c and before caspase activation. Microinjection of AIF into syncytia sufficed to trigger rapid, caspase-independent Cyt-c release. Neutralization of endogenous AIF by injection of an antibody prevented all signs of spontaneous apoptosis occurring in syncytia, including the Cyt-c release and nuclear apoptosis. In contrast, Cyt-c neutralization only prevented nuclear apoptosis, and did not affect AIF release. Our results establish that the following molecular sequence governs apoptosis of Env-induced syncytia: Bax-mediated/Bcl-2–inhibited MMP → AIF release → Cyt-c release → caspase activation → nuclear apoptosis.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Molecular characterization of mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor
Susin, S. A., Lorenzo, H. K., Zamzami, N., Marzo, I., Snow, B. E., Brothers, G. M., Mangion, J., Jacotot, E., Costantini, P., Loeffler, M., et al. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/17135 · Cited by 4,060
Self-citationTwo CD95 (APO‐1/Fas) signaling pathways
Scaffidi, C., Fulda, S., Srinivasan, A., Friesen, C., Li, F., Tomaselli, K. J., Debatin, K., Krammer, P. H., & Peter, M. E. (1998) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/17.6.1675 · Cited by 3,000
Shimizu, S., Narita, M., Tsujimoto, Y., & Tsujimoto, Y. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/20959 · Cited by 2,178
Bax and Adenine Nucleotide Translocator Cooperate in the Mitochondrial Control of Apoptosis
Marzo, I., Brenner, C., Zamzami, N., Jürgensmeier, J. M., Susin, S. A., Vieira, H. L. A., Prévost, M.-C., Xie, Z., Matsuyama, S., Reed, J. C., et al. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5385.2027 · Cited by 1,168
Self-citationBid-deficient mice are resistant to Fas-induced hepatocellular apoptosis
Yin, X.-M., Wang, K., Gross, A., Zhao, Y., Zinkel, S., Klocke, B., Roth, K. A., & Korsmeyer, S. J. (1999) · Nature · doi:10.1038/23730 · Cited by 1,004
Cited by
Mediation of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1-Dependent Cell Death by Apoptosis-Inducing Factor
Yu, S.-W., Wang, H., Poitras, M. F., Coombs, C., Bowers, W. J., Federoff, H. J., Poirier, G. G., Dawson, T. M., & Dawson, V. L. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1072221 · Cited by 1,826
Inhibition of Macroautophagy Triggers Apoptosis
Boya, P., González-Polo, R.-A., Casares, N., Perfettini, J.-L., Dessen, P., Larochette, N., Métivier, D., Meley, D., Souquere, S., Yoshimori, T., et al. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.25.3.1025-1040.2005 · Cited by 1,625
Self-citationEssential role of the mitochondrial apoptosis-inducing factor in programmed cell death
Joza, N., Susin, S. A., Daugas, E., Stanford, W. L., Cho, S. K., Li, C. Y. J., Sasaki, T., Elia, A. J., Cheng, H.-Y. M., Ravagnan, L., et al. (2001) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35069004 · Cited by 1,366
Self-citationCell death by mitotic catastrophe: a molecular definition
Castedo, M., Perfettini, J.-L., Roumier, T., Andreau, K., Medema, R., & Kroemer, G. (2004) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1207528 · Cited by 1,269
Self-citationMitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization during apoptosis: the innocent bystander scenario
Chipuk, J. E., Bouchier-Hayes, L., & Green, D. R. (2006) · Cell Death & Differentiation · doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401963 · Cited by 631
Metadata
- Authors
- Ferri, K. F., Jacotot, E., Blanco, J., Esté, J. A., Zamzami, N., Susin, S. A., Xie, Z., Brothers, G., Reed, J. C., Penninger, J. M., & Kroemer, G.
- Venue
- The Journal of Experimental Medicine
- Publisher
- Rockefeller University Press
- Published
- 2000-10-09
- Volume
- 192
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 1081-1092
- ISSN
- 0022-1007 (ISSN-L)
- 1540-9538
- OpenAlex
- W2136308095
- Cited by
- 222
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 8.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Apoptosis Control in Syncytia Induced by the HIV Type 1–Envelope Glycoprotein Complex. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1084/jem.192.8.1081
- The paper
- Ferri, K. F., Jacotot, E., Blanco, J., Esté, J. A., Zamzami, N., Susin, S. A., Xie, Z., Brothers, G., Reed, J. C., Penninger, J. M., & Kroemer, G. (2000). Apoptosis Control in Syncytia Induced by the HIV Type 1–Envelope Glycoprotein Complex. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.192.8.1081
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
