Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 276

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

Gravitational-Radiation Recoil and Runaway Black Holes

Bekenstein, Jacob D.·1973·The Astrophysical Journal

Abstract

In the nonspherical gravitational collapse of a stellar core to a black hole, linear momentum will in general be radiated with gravitational waves. As a result the black hole will recoil. Here we make a rough estimate of the possible recoil velocities by means of the linearized theory of gravitational waves extended to octopole order. Velocities ranging from small values for nearly up-down symmetrical collapse up to a few hundred kilometers per second for highly asymmetrical collapse may be possible. We also explore some likely consequences of black-hole recoil: breakup of a binary upon collapse of one of its components, runaway binaries with a black-hole component, detachment of the stellar envelope from the black hole formed by the collapsed stellar core, and escape of black holes from globular clusters and the Galaxy. Subject headings: binaries - black holes - collapsed - gravitation - relativity

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1086/152255

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cited by

See all 276

Metadata

Authors
Bekenstein, J. D.
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal
Published
1973-07
Volume
183
Pages
657
ISSN
  • 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
  • 1538-4357
OpenAlex
W2043655149
Cited by
276
References
0
FWCI
2.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Gravitational-Radiation Recoil and Runaway Black Holes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/152255
The paper
Bekenstein, J. D. (1973). Gravitational-Radiation Recoil and Runaway Black Holes. The Astrophysical Journal. https://doi.org/10.1086/152255

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.