OPAL Equation-of-State Tables for Astrophysical Applications

Abstract

OPAL opacities have recently helped to resolve a number of long-standing discrepancies between theory and observation. This success has made it important to provide the associated equation-of-state (EOS) data. The OPAL EOS is based on an activity expansion of the grand canonical partition function of the plasma in terms of its fundamental constituents (electrons and nuclei). The formation of composite particles and many- body effects on the internal bound states occur naturally in this approach. Hence, pressure ionization is a consequence of the theory. In contrast, commonly used approaches, all of which are based on minimization of free energy, are forced to assert the effect of the plasma on composite particles and must rely on an ad hoc treatment of pressure ionization. Another advantage of the OPAL approach is that it provides a systematic expansion in the Coulomb coupling parameter that includes subtle quantum effects generally not considered in other EOS calculations. Tables have been generated that provide pressure, internal energy, entropy, and a variety of derivative quantities. These tables cover a fairly broad range of conditions and compositions applicable to general stellar-evolution calculations for stars more massive than ∼0.8 Msun. An interpolation code is provided along with the tables to facilitate their use.