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A standard stellar spectral sequence in the red/near-infrared - Classes K5 to M9
Abstract
Spectra of 39 K and M dwarf spectroscopic standards, as well as 38 secondary standards, are shown from 6300 to 9000 A. This sequence of 77 spectra ranges from K5 V to M9 and has been classified on the Boeshaar system. Spectra of 14 giant and higher luminosity star are presented from 6900 to 9000 A, along with two miscellaneous spectra. Also given is an extensive list of atomic and molecular features found in the spectra of late K and M stars of all luminosity classes. From the spectral slopes and the strengths of the red/near-infrared spectral features it is possible to distinguish giants from dwarfs and to classify M dwarfs of all spectral subclasses. The library of spectra has been used to construct a spectral class versus mass relation which allows mass estimates to be made based upon a dwarf's spectral class alone. The relation is based on eight objects having both well-determined masses and spectral types.
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Citations
Cited by
INTRINSIC COLORS, TEMPERATURES, AND BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS OF PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS
Pecaut, M. J., & Mamajek, E. E. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/1/9 · Cited by 2,407
Kirkpatrick, J. D., Reid, I. N., Liebert, J., Cutri, R. M., Nelson, B., Beichman, C. A., Dahn, C. C., Monet, D. G., Gizis, J. E., & Skrutskie, M. F. (1999) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/307414 · Cited by 992
Self-citationNew Neighbors from 2MASS: Activity and Kinematics at the Bottom of the Main Sequence
Gizis, J. E., Monet, D. G., Reid, I. N., Kirkpatrick, J. D., Liebert, J., & Williams, R. J. (2000) · The Astronomical Journal · doi:10.1086/301456 · Cited by 503
Self-citationPecaut, M. J., & Mamajek, E. E. (2016) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stw1300 · Cited by 407
The habitability of planets orbiting M-dwarf stars
Shields, A. L., Ballard, S., & Johnson, J. A. (2016) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2016.10.003 · Cited by 319
Metadata
- Authors
- Kirkpatrick, J. D., Henry, T. J., & McCarthy, D. W., Jr.
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 1991-11
- Volume
- 77
- Pages
- 417
- ISSN
- 0067-0049 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4365
- OpenAlex
- W1970076709
- Cited by
- 584
- References
- 0
- Type
- conference abstract
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A standard stellar spectral sequence in the red/near-infrared - Classes K5 to M9. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/191611
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- Kirkpatrick, J. D., Henry, T. J., & McCarthy, D. W., Jr. (1991). A standard stellar spectral sequence in the red/near-infrared - Classes K5 to M9. The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. https://doi.org/10.1086/191611
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