The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Brain Size, Cranial Morphology, Climate, and Time Machines [and Comments and Reply]
Abstract
A bioclimatic model is evaluated as an explanation of variation in cranial capacity among 122 ethnic groups. Distribution of absolute and relative endocranial volume is mapped. Significant correlations occur with all nine climatic variables examined. Major foci of adaptation occur with solar radiation, vapor pressure, and winter temperature. Global mean trait increase is 2.5 cm per degree of equatorial distance. The interactive geometry between cranial size and shape is described, with encephalization and brachycephalization considered as functionally connected trends. Breadth is the most important structural component determining capacity. Relations between body size and brain size indicate that human populations under severe cold stress obtain large volumes more from rounder cranial shape than from differentiation by total body size. A computerized mapping program is developed and applied to anthropometric, climatic, and HRAF files. Its potential to produce clinal depictions through the Pleistocene ("time machine project") is discussed. Paleontological data are summarized for 147 hominids.
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In the citing paper
“both absolute and relative brain size have decreased since the end of the Pleistocene (Schwidetzky, 1976;Wiercinski, 1979;Beals et al., 1984;Henneberg, 1988;Henneberg and Steyn, 1993;Ruff et al., 1997;Bailey and Geary, 2009;Hawks, 2011;Bednarik, 2014;Liu et al., 2014;Bruner and Gleeson, 2019).”
From When and Why Did Human Brains Decrease in Size? A New Change-Point Analysis and Insights From Brain Evolution in Ants (2021) · cites this paper as Beals et al., 1984
In the citing paper
“Human body size, as measured from skeletal dimensions, did reduce during the past 30,000 years, at least in some populations [1,6,7,12].”
From Selection for smaller brains in Holocene human evolution (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Human populations during the last 10,000 years have undergone rapid decreases in average brain size as measured by endocranial volume or as estimated from linear measurements of the cranium.”
From Selection for smaller brains in Holocene human evolution (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Present-day Chinese people appear to vary in cranial size from north to south, possibly by more than 100 ml [6,19]”
From Selection for smaller brains in Holocene human evolution (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Smaller-brained populations live in warmer climates, and this relation cannot be explained entirely in terms of body size of contemporary populations.”
From Selection for smaller brains in Holocene human evolution (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
In the citing paper
“Studies of skeletal samples from different regions of the world are very consistent in finding reductions of endocranial volume during the last 10,000 years [6-8,19,22-24].”
From Selection for smaller brains in Holocene human evolution (2011) · cites this paper as [6]
Citations
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Items 301–328 of 328
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Gowdy, J. M. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108974264.006
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Gowdy, J. M. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108974264.012
The influence of subsistence strategy and climate on bony labyrinth morphology in recentHomo sapiens
Ward, D. L., Schroeder, L., Roy, J. E., Hertz, M., Uhl, A., Pomeroy, E., Stock, J. T., Copes, L. E., Baab, K. L., Viola, T. B., et al. (2022) · American Journal of Biological Anthropology · doi:10.1002/ajpa.24465
The Evolution of Ultrasociality in Humans and Social Insects
Gowdy, J. M. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108974264.004
Gowdy, J. M. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108974264.010
Evolving a Sustainable and Equitable Future
Gowdy, J. M. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108974264.013
The Evolution of Human Ultrasociality
Gowdy, J. M. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108974264.002
(2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108974264.016
Finlayson, C. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511542374.001
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Relethford, J. H. (2016) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119308058.refs
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Biosocial complexity and the skull
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Wielkość głowy a inteligencja: współzależności wewnątrzgatunkowe u człowieka
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Self-citationCould 19th-Century Authors Have Noticed Bergmann’s “Rule” in Humans?
Asher, R. (2024) · Journal of Controversial Ideas · doi:10.35995/jci04020018
Refugees’ Intelligence: Response to Comments, Suggestions and Criticism
Rindermann, H. (2025) · Journal of Controversial Ideas · doi:10.63466/jci05030005
Özkan, E., Uçgun, A., Yavuz, E., & Evrimler, Ş. (2025) · OSMANGAZİ JOURNAL OF MEDICINE · doi:10.20515/otd.1768335
Co-variation morphologique du crâne et de l'endocrâne au cours de l'évolution du genre Homo
Albessard‐Ball, L. (2018) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/1d0cf5efz5636z441bz81eez50bc78f00a83
Dayan, M. O., Gürbüz, İ., Demiraslan, Y., Üstündağ, Y., & Oktay, E. (2026) · Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi · doi:10.31196/huvfd.1944052
The conditions in Africa and Eurasia during the last glacial cycle
Finlayson, C. (2004) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511542374.007
Metadata
- Authors
- Beals, K. L., Smith, C. L., Dodd, S. M., Angel, J. L., Armstrong, E., Blumenberg, B., Girgis, F. G., Turkel, S., Gibson, K. R., Henneberg, M., Menk, R., Morimoto, I., Sokal, R. R., & Trinkaus, E.
- Venue
- Current Anthropology
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1984-06
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 301-330
- ISSN
- 0011-3204 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5382
- OpenAlex
- W2250964297
- Cited by
- 332
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 44.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Anthropology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Archeology (arts and humanities) › Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Morphological variations and asymmetry
- Social Sciences › Anthropology › Pleistocene-Era Hominins and Archaeology
- Keywords
- cranial capacity, endocranial volume, brain size, skull morphology, bioclimatic models, encephalization, cranial breadth, cold adaptation, solar radiation, vapor pressure, winter temperature, clinal variation, hominid brain evolution
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