The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Growth-Rate Heterogeneity and the Covariance Structure of Life-Cycle Earnings
Abstract
Using U.S. panel data on adult males, I compare the "profile heterogeneity model" of earnings dynamics, in which the earnings/experience profile varies across individuals, to a competing model in which earnings "has a unit root." The latter specification enjoys increasing popularity among researchers. My analysis questions this favor, suggesting the profile heterogeneity model provides a more consistent representation of the data. I also provide new estimates of the variation in earnings growth rates. Previous evidence is from relatively unrepresentative samples. Individuals one standard deviation above the mean enjoy a 20%-30% earnings advantage in just 10 years.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
A Simple, Positive Semi-Definite, Heteroskedasticity and AutocorrelationConsistent Covariance Matrix
Newey, W., & West, K. (1986) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/t0055 · Cited by 12,278
An Introduction to Multivariate Statistical Analysis
Muirhead, R. J., & Anderson, T. W. (1986) · Journal of Business & Economic Statistics · doi:10.2307/1391399 · Cited by 9,082
Earnings Losses of Displaced Workers
Jacobson, L. S., LaLonde, R. J., & Sullivan, D. G. (1992) · doi:10.17848/wp92-11 · Cited by 2,895
Estimation of Dynamic Models with Error Components
Anderson, T. W., & Hsiao, C. (1981) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1981.10477691 · Cited by 2,281
Why Is There Mandatory Retirement?
Lazear, E. P. (1979) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/260835 · Cited by 2,038
Estimating the Effect of Training Programs on Earnings
Ashenfelter, O. (1978) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.2307/1924332 · Cited by 1,515
Job Mobility and the Careers of Young Men
Topel, R., & Ward, M. (1988) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w2649 · Cited by 1,066
MaCurdy, T. E. (1982) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/0304-4076(82)90096-3 · Cited by 827
Specific Capital, Mobility, and Wages: Wages Rise with Job Seniority
Topel, R. (1990) · National Bureau of Economic Research · doi:10.3386/w3294 · Cited by 721
Generalized method of moments specification testing
K. Newey, W. (1985) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/0304-4076(85)90154-x · Cited by 596
Cited by
Intergenerational Mobility in the Labor Market
Solon, G. (1999) · Handbook of Labor Economics · doi:10.1016/s1573-4463(99)03010-2 · Cited by 1,109
Measurement Error in Survey Data
Bound, J., Brown, C., & Mathiowetz, N. (2001) · Handbook of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/s1573-4412(01)05012-7 · Cited by 893
Life-Cycle Variation in the Association between Current and Lifetime Earnings
Haider, S., & Solon, G. (2006) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.96.4.1308 · Cited by 744
Life-Cycle Variation in the Association between Current and Lifetime Earnings
Haider, S., & Solon, G. (2006) · doi:10.3386/w11943 · Cited by 209
Metadata
- Authors
- Baker, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Labor Economics
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1997-04
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 338-375
- ISSN
- 0734-306X (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5307
- OpenAlex
- W2056955524
- Cited by
- 353
- References
- 14
- FWCI
- 14.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Growth-Rate Heterogeneity and the Covariance Structure of Life-Cycle Earnings. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/209836
- The paper
- Baker, M. (1997). Growth-Rate Heterogeneity and the Covariance Structure of Life-Cycle Earnings. Journal of Labor Economics. https://doi.org/10.1086/209836
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.