The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Isolation, Powerlessness, and Violence: A Study of Attitudes and Participation in the Watts Riot
Abstract
The hypothesis that isolated individuals are more prone to extremism is tested, using a sample of Los Angeles Negroes interviewed shortly after the Watts riot. It is found that racial isolation (low degrees of intimate white contact) is strongly associated with a willingness to use violence under two subjective conditions: (a) when isolated individuals feel a sense of powerlessness in the society and (b) when such isolated individuals are highly dissatisfied with their treatment as Negroes. Ideal types of the most and least violence-prone are developed from the cumulative effects of the three independent variables (isolation, powerlessness, and dissatisfaction).
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
A model of egoistical relative deprivation.
Crosby, F. J. (1976) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.83.2.85 · Cited by 1,533
Relative Deprivation: A Theoretical and Meta-Analytic Review
Smith, H. J., Pettigrew, T. F., Pippin, G. M., & Bialosiewicz, S. (2012) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868311430825 · Cited by 1,255
DIFFERENTIATING AMONG INTERNALITY, POWERFUL OTHERS, AND CHANCE
Levenson, H. (1981) · Research with the Locus of Control Construct · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-443201-7.50006-3 · Cited by 1,078
Dimensions of Political Alienation
Finifter, A. W. (1970) · American Political Science Review · doi:10.2307/1953840 · Cited by 363
Racially Separate or Together?
Pettigrew, T. F. (2001) · Racism: Essential Readings · doi:10.4135/9781446220986.n15 · Cited by 275
Metadata
- Authors
- Ransford, H. E.
- Venue
- American Journal of Sociology
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1968-03
- Volume
- 73
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 581-591
- ISSN
- 0002-9602 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5390
- OpenAlex
- W2129222966
- Cited by
- 190
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 57.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Isolation, Powerlessness, and Violence: A Study of Attitudes and Participation in the Watts Riot. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/224532
- The paper
- Ransford, H. E. (1968). Isolation, Powerlessness, and Violence: A Study of Attitudes and Participation in the Watts Riot. American Journal of Sociology. https://doi.org/10.1086/224532
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.