The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Male-Female Wage Differentials in Job Ladders
Abstract
Much of the male-female wage differential exists because men and women are assigned to different jobs. Within narrow job categories, there is no male-female differential. Only a tortured taste theory of discrimination can reconcile these facts. We argue that differential movement along job ladders entails comparative advantage, so the ability standard for promotion is higher for women. This implies that more able women will be passed over in favor of less able men. Women, assumed to have the same ability distribution as men, earn less. The differential reflects females' lower promotion probability, not within-job discrimination.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
Sex Differences in Mental Test Scores, Variability, and Numbers of High-Scoring Individuals
Hedges, L. V., & Nowell, A. (1995) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7604277 · Cited by 1,112
Petit, P. (2007) · Labour Economics · doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2006.01.006 · Cited by 295
Ceilings or floors? Gender wage gaps by education in Spain
de la Rica, S., Dolado, J. J., & Llorens, V. (2008) · Journal of Population Economics · doi:10.1007/s00148-006-0128-1 · Cited by 281
Metadata
- Authors
- Lazear, E. P., & Rosen, S.
- Venue
- Journal of Labor Economics
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 1990-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1, Part 2
- Pages
- S106-S123
- ISSN
- 0734-306X (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5307
- OpenAlex
- W1992333423
- Cited by
- 427
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 7.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Male-Female Wage Differentials in Job Ladders. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/298246
- The paper
- Lazear, E. P., & Rosen, S. (1990). Male-Female Wage Differentials in Job Ladders. Journal of Labor Economics. https://doi.org/10.1086/298246
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
