The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 32 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Ceilings or floors? Gender wage gaps by education in Spain
Open accessAbstract
This paper analyzes the gender gap throughout the wage distribution in Spain using data from the European Community Household Panel. Quantile regression and panel data techniques are used to estimate wage regressions. In contrast with the steep increasing pattern found in other countries, the flatter evolution of the Spanish gender gap hides an intriguing composition effect. For highly educated workers, in line with the conventional glass ceiling hypothesis, the gap increases as we move up the distribution. However, for less-educated workers the gap decreases. We label this novel fact as a floor pattern and argue that it can be explained by statistical discrimination exerted by employers in countries where less-educated women have low participation rates.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Koenker, R., & Bassett, G. (1978) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1913643 · Cited by 13,316
Economics of the Family: Marriage, Children, and Human Capital
Mincer, J., & Polacheck, S. (n.d.) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 2,070
Performance in competitive environments: gender differences
Gneezy, U., Niederle, M., & Rustichini, A. (2003) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/00335530360698496 · Cited by 1,997
Robust Tests for Heteroscedasticity Based on Regression Quantiles
Koenker, R., & Bassett, G. (1982) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1912528 · Cited by 1,629
Blau, F. D., & Kahn, L. M. (2000) · Journal of Economic Perspectives · doi:10.1257/jep.14.4.75 · Cited by 1,458
Recent Advances in Quantile Regression Models: A Practical Guideline for Empirical Research
Buchinsky, M. (1998) · The Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.2307/146316 · Cited by 1,449
Counterfactual decomposition of changes in wage distributions using quantile regression
Machado, J. A. F., & Mata, J. (2005) · Journal of Applied Econometrics · doi:10.1002/jae.788 · Cited by 1,401
Changes in the U.S. Wage Structure 1963-1987: Application of Quantile Regression
Buchinsky, M. (1994) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/2951618 · Cited by 1,108
Why Do Firms Train? Theory and Evidence
Acemoglu, D., & Pischke, J.-S. (1998) · The Quarterly Journal of Economics · doi:10.1162/003355398555531 · Cited by 992
Occupational Self-Selection: A Human Capital Approach to Sex Differences in Occupational Structure
Polachek, S. W. (1981) · The Review of Economics and Statistics · doi:10.2307/1924218 · Cited by 976
Cited by
Antón, J. I., & Muñoz de Bustillo, R. (2016) · Investigación Económica · doi:10.1016/j.inveco.2015.08.005 · Cited by 23
Metadata
- Authors
- de la Rica, S., Dolado, J. J., & Llorens, V.
- Venue
- Journal of Population Economics
- Published
- 2007-01-17
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 751-776
- ISSN
- 0933-1433 (ISSN-L)
- 1432-1475
- OpenAlex
- W3123564559
- Cited by
- 281
- References
- 32
- FWCI
- 50.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Ceilings or floors? Gender wage gaps by education in Spain. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1007/s00148-006-0128-1
- The paper
- de la Rica, S., Dolado, J. J., & Llorens, V. (2008). Ceilings or floors? Gender wage gaps by education in Spain. Journal of Population Economics. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00148-006-0128-1
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.