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Cited by 275Fungal Infections and StudiesPneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatmentParasitic Infections and Diagnostics

Cryptococcosis: Population‐Based Multistate Active Surveillance and Risk Factors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Persons

Hajjeh, Rana A., Conn, Laura A., Stephens, David S., Baughman, Wendy, Hamill, Richard, Graviss, Edward, Pappas, Peter G., Thomas, Carolynn +7 more·1999·The Journal of Infectious Diseases
DOI 10.1086/314606
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Abstract

To determine the incidence of cryptococcosis and its risk factors among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected persons, population-based active surveillance was conducted in four US areas (population, 12.5 million) during 1992-1994, and a case-control study was done. Of 1083 cases, 931 (86%) occurred in HIV-infected persons. The annual incidence of cryptococcosis per 1000 among persons living with AIDS ranged from 17 (San Francisco, 1994) to 66 (Atlanta, 1992) and decreased significantly in these cities during 1992-1994. Among non-HIV-infected persons, the annual incidence of cryptococcosis ranged from 0.2 to 0.9/100,000. Multivariate analysis of the case-control study (158 cases and 423 controls) revealed smoking and outdoor occupations to be significantly associated with an increased risk of cryptococcosis; receiving fluconazole within 3 months before enrollment was associated with a decreased risk for cryptococcosis. Further studies are needed to better describe persons with AIDS currently developing cryptococcosis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.

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  • MRSA accounts for approximately 5% of culture-positive infections among critically ill patients, and may be decreasing according to some reports.

    “MRSA accounts for approximately 5% of culturepositive infections among critically ill patients (133), and may be decreasing according to some reports (134, 135).”

    From Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021. (2021) · cites this paper as [135]

    The Population-Based Surveillance and Discussion passages concern cryptococcosis, including its diagnosis and declining incidence among some people with AIDS. Searches for MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, critically ill patients, and the claimed 5% found no passage addressing either part of the claim. No page number was available for these passages. (LLM, conf=0.78)

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  • Among HIV-infected persons in a US survey, the incidence of cryptococcosis in 1993 was significantly higher among black or African American persons (31/1,000) than among white persons (23/1,000; RR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.1 to 1.6).

    “Among HIV-infected persons in a US survey, the incidence of cryptococcosis in 1993 was significantly higher among black or African American persons (31/1,000) than among white persons (23/1,000; relative risk [RR] = 1.3, 95% CI, 1.1 to 1.6) [130].”

    From Race and ethnicity: Risk factors for fungal infections? (2023) · cites this paper as [130]

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Cites

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1 of the 18 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Research works printed but not linked: 4

  1. Brandt ME, Hutwagner LC, Klug LA, et al. Molecular subtype distribution of C. neoformans in four areas of the U.S. J Clin Microbiol 1996; 34: 912-7.
  2. Pinner RW, Hutwagner L, Collin SF. Use of hospital discharge data to de- scribe recent changes in the epidemiology of cryptococcal disease. In: Program and abstracts of the 31st Interscience Conference on Antimi- crobial Agents and Chemotherapy (Chicago). Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology, 1991.
  3. 1997 USPHS/IDSA guidelines for the prevention of opportunistic infections in persons infected with HIV. Ann Intern Med 1997; 127:922-46.
  4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Update: trends in AIDS inci- dence. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 1997; 46:165-73.

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Authors
Hajjeh, R. A., Conn, L. A., Stephens, D. S., Baughman, W., Hamill, R., Graviss, E., Pappas, P. G., Thomas, C., Reingold, A., Rothrock, G., Hutwagner, L. C., Schuchat, A., Brandt, M. E., Pinner, R. W., & the Cryptococcal Active Surveillance Group
Affiliations
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
ORCID
Venue
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Publisher
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published
1999-02
Volume
179
Issue
2
Pages
449-454
ISSN
  • 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-6613
DOI
10.1086/314606
OpenAlex
W2128165683
Cited by
275
References
18
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 10
FWCI
10.36
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • The Journal of Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Fungal Infections and Studies
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
  • Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Parasitic Infections and Diagnostics
Keywords
cryptococcosis, HIV infection, AIDS, cryptococcal meningitis, incidence, risk factors, smoking, outdoor work, fluconazole, antiretroviral therapy, opportunistic infections
MeSH terms
Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Cryptococcosis, Demography, Female, Georgia, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, San Francisco, Texas, Incidence, Multivariate Analysis, Case-Control Studies, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections

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