The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Liquidity Risk, Liquidity Creation, and Financial Fragility: A Theory of Banking
Open accessAbstract
Loans are illiquid when a lender needs relationship‐specific skills to collect them. Consequently, if the relationship lender needs funds before the loan matures, she may demand to liquidate early, or require a return premium, when she lends directly. Borrowers also risk losing funding. The costs of illiquidity are avoided if the relationship lender is a bank with a fragile capital structure, subject to runs. Fragility commits banks to creating liquidity, enabling depositors to withdraw when needed, while buffering borrowers from depositors' liquidity needs. Stabilization policies, such as capital requirements, narrow banking, and suspension of convertibility, may reduce liquidity creation.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Financial intermediation and delegated monitoring
Diamond, D. W. (1984) · The Review of Economic Studies · doi:10.2307/2297430 · Cited by 8,476
Self-citationFinancial Intermediary-Coalitions
Boyd, J. H., & Prescott, E. C. (1985) · doi:10.21034/sr.87 · Cited by 1,440
Equilibrium loan pricing under the bank–client relationship
Greenbaum, S. I., Kanatas, G., & Venezia, I. (1989) · Journal of Banking & Finance · doi:10.1016/0378-4266(89)90061-7 · Cited by 339
Cited by
Chapter 12 Finance and Growth: Theory and Evidence
Levine, R. (2005) · Handbook of Economic Growth · doi:10.1016/s1574-0684(05)01012-9 · Cited by 2,889
Liquidity Shortages and Banking Crises
DIAMOND, D. W., & RAJAN, R. G. (2005) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/j.1540-6261.2005.00741.x · Cited by 874
Self-citationThe Credit Crisis: Conjectures about Causes and Remedies
Diamond, D. W., & Rajan, R. G. (2009) · American Economic Review · doi:10.1257/aer.99.2.606 · Cited by 474
Self-citationCapital regulation and monetary policy with fragile banks
Angeloni, I., & Faia, E. (2013) · Journal of Monetary Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jmoneco.2013.01.003 · Cited by 435
Banking on Deposits: Maturity Transformation without Interest Rate Risk
DRECHSLER, I., SAVOV, A., & SCHNABL, P. (2021) · The Journal of Finance · doi:10.1111/jofi.13013 · Cited by 394
Metadata
- Authors
- Diamond, D. W., & Rajan, R. G.
- Venue
- Journal of Political Economy
- Publisher
- University of Chicago Press
- Published
- 2001-04
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 287-327
- ISSN
- 0022-3808 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-534X
- OpenAlex
- W3124914565
- Cited by
- 2,002
- References
- 3
- FWCI
- 66.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Liquidity Risk, Liquidity Creation, and Financial Fragility: A Theory of Banking. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/319552
- The paper
- Diamond, D. W., & Rajan, R. G. (2001). Liquidity Risk, Liquidity Creation, and Financial Fragility: A Theory of Banking. Journal of Political Economy. https://doi.org/10.1086/319552
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.