Can Mixed Emotions Peacefully Coexist?
Open accessAbstract
This research sheds insight on the psychological impact of mixed emotions on attitudes. In three experiments, we show that persuasion appeals that highlight conflicting emotions (e.g. both happiness and sadness) lead to less favorable attitudes for individuals with a lower propensity to accept duality (e.g. Anglo Americans, younger adults) relative to those with a higher propensity (e.g., Asian Americans, older adults). The effect appears to be due to increased levels of felt discomfort that arise for those with a lower, but not higher, propensity to accept duality when exposed to mixed emotional appeals. Theoretical implications regarding boundary conditions of emotional dissonance and distinctions between emotional and cognitive dissonance are discussed.
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People can experience mixed emotional feelings.
“Although there are many opinions about whether human beings can feel mixed emotions11–13, more and more evidence supports the fact that people can experience mixed emotional feelings10,13,17.”
From A Multimodal Dataset for Mixed Emotion Recognition (2024) · cites this paper as [17]
The most popular method used in previous works to identify mixed emotional states is subjective reports through subject self-reports.
“The most popular method used in previous works is the subjective reports, which measures mixed emotions through subject self-reports17,18.”
From A Multimodal Dataset for Mixed Emotion Recognition (2024) · cites this paper as [17]
Cites
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“Further, the positive correlation between the experience of positive and negative emotions increases with age, and the number of factors characterizing emotional experiences is positively associated with age (Carstensen, Isaacowitz and Turk Charles 1999).”
Russell, J. A. (1994) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.115.1.102 · Cited by 1,640 · see citing works
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Can people feel happy and sad at the same time?
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The Happiness of Giving: The Time-Ask Effect
Liu, W., & Aaker, J. (2008) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/588699 · Cited by 411 · see citing works
Self-citationRecalling Mixed Emotions: Figure 1
Aaker, J., Drolet, A., & Griffin, D. (2008) · Journal of Consumer Research · doi:10.1086/588570 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
Self-citationI Have Paid Less Than You! The Emotional and Behavioral Consequences of Advantaged Price Inequality
Gelbrich, K. (2011) · Journal of Retailing · doi:10.1016/j.jretai.2011.03.003 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
A survey of quantum-like approaches to decision making and cognition
Ashtiani, M., & Azgomi, M. A. (2015) · Mathematical Social Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.mathsocsci.2015.02.004 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Anger can make fake news viral online
Chuai, Y., & Zhao, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Physics · doi:10.3389/fphy.2022.970174 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
A Multimodal Dataset for Mixed Emotion Recognition
Yang, P., Liu, N., Liu, X., Shu, Y., Ji, W., Ren, Z., Sheng, J., Yu, M., Yi, R., Zhang, D., et al. (2024) · Scientific Data · doi:10.1038/s41597-024-03676-4 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“The most popular method used in previous works is the subjective reports, which measures mixed emotions through subject self-reports 17,18 .”
BackgroundMethod
- Authors
- Williams, P., & Aaker, J. L.
- ORCID
- Williams, Patti
- Venue
- Journal of Consumer Research
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-03
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 636-649
- ISSN
- 0093-5301 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-5277
- OpenAlex
- W3124918487
- Cited by
- 488
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 30 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 22.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Consumer Research (publishedVersion)
- SSRN Electronic Journal (acceptedVersion)
- ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychology of Social Influence
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
- Keywords
- mixed emotions, emotional dissonance, cognitive dissonance, persuasion, attitude change, emotional appeal, cultural differences, age differences, happiness and sadness
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