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Outbreak of Leptospirosis among Triathlon Participants and Community Residents in Springfield, Illinois, 1998
Abstract
We investigated an outbreak of leptospirosis among athletes and community residents after a triathlon was held in Springfield, Illinois. A telephone survey was conducted to collect clinical information and data on possible risk factors, community surveillance was established, and animal specimens and lake water samples were collected to determine the source of the leptospiral contamination. A total of 834 of 876 triathletes were contacted; 98 (12%) reported being ill. Serum samples obtained from 474 athletes were tested; 52 of these samples (11%) tested positive for leptospirosis. Fourteen (6%) of 248 symptomatic community residents tested positive for leptospirosis. Heavy rains that preceded the triathlon are likely to have increased leptospiral contamination of Lake Springfield. Among athletes, ingestion of 1 or more swallows of lake water was a predominant risk factor for illness. This is the largest outbreak of leptospirosis that has been reported in the United States. Health care providers and occupational and recreational users of bodies of freshwater in the United States should be aware of the risk of contracting leptospirosis, particularly after heavy rains.
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Citations
Cited by
Actionable Diagnosis of Neuroleptospirosis by Next-Generation Sequencing
Wilson, M. R., Naccache, S. N., Samayoa, E., Biagtan, M., Bashir, H., Yu, G., Salamat, S. M., Somasekar, S., Federman, S., Miller, S., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1401268 · Cited by 977
The globalization of leptospirosis: worldwide incidence trends
Pappas, G., Papadimitriou, P., Siozopoulou, V., Christou, L., & Akritidis, N. (2008) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2007.09.011 · Cited by 554
McBride, A. J., Athanazio, D. A., Reis, M. G., & Ko, A. I. (2005) · Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000178824.05715.2c · Cited by 518
Leptospira as an Emerging Pathogen: A Review of its Biology, Pathogenesis and Host Immune Responses
Evangelista, K. V., & Coburn, J. (2010) · Future Microbiology · doi:10.2217/fmb.10.102 · Cited by 353
Using the internet for rapid investigation of an outbreak of diarrhoeal illness in mountain bikers
GRIFFITHS, S. L., SALMON, R. L., MASON, B. W., ELLIOTT, C., THOMAS, D. R., & DAVIES, C. (2010) · Epidemiology and Infection · doi:10.1017/s0950268810001561 · Cited by 13
Metadata
- Authors
- Morgan, J., Bornstein, S. L., Karpati, A. M., Bruce, M., Bolin, C. A., Austin, C. C., Woods, C. W., Lingappa, J., Langkop, C., Davis, B., Graham, D. R., Proctor, M., Ashford, D. A., Bajani, M., Bragg, S. L., Shutt, K., Perkins, B. A., Tappero, J. W., & Leptospirosis Working Group
- Venue
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2002-06-15
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1593-1599
- ISSN
- 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6591
- OpenAlex
- W2098130157
- Cited by
- 297
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 8.48
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Morgan, J., Bornstein, S. L., Karpati, A. M., Bruce, M., Bolin, C. A., Austin, C. C., Woods, C. W., Lingappa, J., Langkop, C., Davis, B., Graham, D. R., Proctor, M., Ashford, D. A., Bajani, M., Bragg, S. L., Shutt, K., Perkins, B. A., Tappero, J. W., & Leptospirosis Working Group. (2002). Outbreak of Leptospirosis among Triathlon Participants and Community Residents in Springfield, Illinois, 1998. Clinical Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1086/340615
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
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