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First‐Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) Observations: Preliminary Maps and Basic Results
Open accessAbstract
We present full sky microwave maps in five frequency bands (23 to 94 GHz) from the WMAP first year sky survey. Calibration errors are less than 0.5% and the low systematic error level is well specified. The cosmic microwave background (CMB) is separated from the foregrounds using multifrequency data. The sky maps are consistent with the 7 in. full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) maps. We report more precise, but consistent, dipole and quadrupole values. The CMB anisotropy obeys Gaussian statistics with -58 less than f(sub NL) less than 134 (95% CL). The 2 less than or = l less than or = 900 anisotropy power spectrum is cosmic variance limited for l less than 354 with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 1 per mode to l = 658. The temperature-polarization cross-power spectrum reveals both acoustic features and a large angle correlation from reionization. The optical depth of reionization is tau = 0.17 +/- 0.04, which implies a reionization epoch of t(sub r) = 180(sup +220, sub -80) Myr (95% CL) after the Big Bang at a redshift of z(sub r) = 20(sup +10, sub -9) (95% CL) for a range of ionization scenarios. This early reionization is incompatible with the presence of a significant warm dark matter density. A best-fit cosmological model to the CMB and other measures of large scale structure works remarkably well with only a few parameters. The age of the best-fit universe is t(sub 0) = 13.7 +/- 0.2 Gyr old. Decoupling was t(sub dec) = 379(sup +8, sub -7)kyr after the Big Bang at a redshift of z(sub dec) = 1089 +/- 1. The thickness of the decoupling surface was Delta(sub z(sub dec)) = 195 +/- 2. The matter density of the universe is Omega(sub m)h(sup 2) = 0.135(sup +0.008, sub -0.009) the baryon density is Omega(sub b)h(sup 2) = 0.0224 +/- 0.0009, and the total mass-energy of the universe is Omega(sub tot) = 1.02 +/- 0.02. There is progressively less fluctuation power on smaller scales, from WMAP to fine scale CMB measurements to galaxies and finally to the Ly-alpha forest. This is accounted for with a running spectral index, significant at the approx. 2(sigma) level. The spectral index of scalar fluctuations is fit as n(sub s) = 0.93 +/-0.03 at wavenumber k(sub o) = 0.05/Mpc ((sub eff) approx. = 700), with a slope of dn(sub s)/d I(sub nk) = -0.031(sup + 0.016, sub -0.018) in the best-fit model.
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“This is the only free input parameter that enters in nucleosynthesis calculations of the primordial abundance of light elements[12, 13].”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [12]
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“This is in good agreement with observations [12, 13].”
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“These quark nuggets could contribute to the dark matter today [95] or affect BBN [12, 13].”
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Self-citationFinal Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant
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Four-Year [ITAL]COBE[/ITAL] DMR Cosmic Microwave Background Observations: Maps and Basic Results
Bennett, C. L., Banday, A. J., Gorski, K. M., Hinshaw, G. F., Jackson, P., Keegstra, P., Kogut, A., Smoot, G. F., Wilkinson, D. T., & WRIGHT, E. L. (1996) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/310075 · Cited by 1,255
Self-citationFirst‐Year Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe ( WMAP ) Observations: Implications For Inflation
Peiris, H. V., Komatsu, E., Verde, L., Spergel, D. N., Bennett, C. L., Halpern, M., Hinshaw, G. F., Jarosik, N., Kogut, A., Limon, M., et al. (2003) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/377228 · Cited by 1,247
Self-citationThe Cosmic Triangle: Revealing the State of the Universe
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Items 1,001–1,005 of 1,005
Nucleosynthesis Without Computer
Mukhanov, V. (2004) · International Journal of Theoretical Physics · doi:10.1023/b:ijtp.0000048169.69609.77 · Cited by 55
The Fermi/eROSITA bubbles: a look into the nuclear outflow from the Milky Way
Sarkar, K. C. (2024) · The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review · doi:10.1007/s00159-024-00152-1 · Cited by 34
“Spectral properties of the Loop-I have been studied by using WMAP data (Bennett et al. 2003).”
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Possibility of Observable Amount of Gravitational Waves from Inflation
Pilo, L., Riotto, A., & Zaffaroni, A. (2004) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.92.201303 · Cited by 19
Does transparent hidden matter generate optical scintillation?
Moniez, M. (2003) · Astronomy & Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20031478 · Cited by 17
Metadata
- Authors
- Bennett, C. L., Halpern, M., Hinshaw, G., Jarosik, N., Kogut, A., Limon, M., Meyer, S. S., Page, L., Spergel, D. N., Tucker, G. S., Wollack, E., Wright, E. L., Barnes, C., Greason, M. R., Hill, R. S., Komatsu, E., Nolta, M. R., Odegard, N., Peiris, H. V., Verde, L., & Weiland, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Goddard Space Flight Center (US)
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Princeton University (US)
- University of Chicago (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Science Systems and Applications (United States) (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2003-09
- Volume
- 148
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-27
- ISSN
- 0067-0049 (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4365
- OpenAlex
- W2075884494
- Cited by
- 4,860
- References
- 99
- Citations by year
- 2026: 73 · 2025: 109 · 2024: 115 · 2023: 115 · 2022: 90 · 2021: 100 · 2020: 122 · 2019: 115 · 2018: 119 · 2017: 90 · 2016: 143 · 2015: 101 · 2014: 132 · 2013: 171 · 2012: 185
- FWCI
- 354.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (acceptedVersion)
- NASA STI Repository (National Aeronautics and Space Administration) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Dark Matter and Cosmic Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Keywords
- WMAP, cosmic microwave background anisotropies, reionization optical depth, cosmic reionization, matter density, baryon density, dark energy equation of state, dark energy, scalar spectral index, running of the spectral index, isocurvature modes, tensor-to-scalar ratio, inflation (cosmology), warm dark matter, acoustic features
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