The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 34 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Epidemiology of Candidemia in Swiss Tertiary Care Hospitals: Secular Trends, 1991–2000
Open accessAbstract
Candida species are among the most common bloodstream pathogens in the United States, where the emergence of azole-resistant Candida glabrata and Candida krusei are major concerns. Recent comprehensive longitudinal data from Europe are lacking. We conducted a nationwide survey of candidemia during 1991-2000 in 17 university and university-affiliated hospitals representing 79% of all tertiary care hospital beds in Switzerland. The number of transplantations and bloodstream infections increased significantly (P<.001). A total of 1137 episodes of candidemia were observed: Candida species ranked seventh among etiologic agents (2.9% of all bloodstream isolates). The incidence of candidemia was stable over a 10-year period. C. albicans remained the predominant Candida species recovered (66%), followed by C. glabrata (15%). Candida tropicalis emerged (9%), the incidence of Candida parapsilosis decreased (1%), and recovery of C. krusei remained rare (2%). Fluconazole consumption increased significantly (P<.001). Despite increasing high-risk activities, the incidence of candidemia remained unchanged, and no shift to resistant species occurred.
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A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These 6 centers reported 774 (68%) of all 1137 episodes of candidemia recorded in the survey over 10 years.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“solid-organ transplantations increased 95% during the same period, from 108 to 211 ( ; )”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“hematopoietic stem cell transplantations increased 124%, from 55 in 1992 to 123 in 2000 ( ; r p 0.83 P ! .005)”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Overall, the species distribution was stable (figure 3).”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No significant trend was observed during the 10-year period among university hospitals and universityaffiliated hospitals (figure 1 C ).”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · p. 7 · plain
“In Switzerland, the incidence of candidemia remained essentially unchanged during the 10-year study period.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · p. 7 · plain
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In the paper
“the annual incidence of candidemia in university-affiliated hospitals increased significantly, from 0.23 to 0.56 episodes per 10,000 patient-days”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“recovery of C. krusei remained rare (2%)”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The species identification methods remained consistent across hospitals and over the 10-year period.
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In the paper
“Similarly, no trend was observed when university and university-affiliated hospitals were analyzed separately.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“C. albicans remained the predominant Candida species recovered (66%)”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Rests on an assumption: The species identification methods remained consistent across hospitals and over the 10-year period.
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In the paper
“C. albicans remained the predominant species, ranging between 64% and 68% of all isolates recovered”
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- It may state two separate claims as one. 30
- The quote only partly states this claim. 5
- Probably not a substantial claim. 24
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In the paper
“In these institutions, 533,490 blood cultures were performed over a 10-year period. Of these, 52,565 (9.8%) were positive (i.e., cultures yielded any pathogen).”
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In the paper
“the overall proportion of nonalbicans species of Candida was 36% in university hospitals and 31% in universityaffiliated hospitals ( ).”
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In the paper
“No significant difference was observed between university and university-affiliated institutions.”
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In the paper
“the incidence of Candida parapsilosis decreased (1%)”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The species identification methods remained consistent across hospitals and over the 10-year period.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A progressive increase in the quantities of the parenteral and oral forms that were administered was observed.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“In 2000, most cases of acute leukemia (71%) and transplantations (92%) were reported by university hospitals.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“followed by C. glabrata (15%)”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The species identification methods remained consistent across hospitals and over the 10-year period.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“that of Candida parapsilosis decreased from 6% to 1% ( )”
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In the paper
“The overall incidence of infection was 0.49 cases per 10,000 patient-days.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 117Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
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In the paper
“C. glabrata was the second most common species recovered (14% during 1991-1993 and 15% during 2000).”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Candida species ranked seventh among etiologic agents (2.9% of all bloodstream isolates).”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · p. 4 · plain
“Candida species accounted for 2.9% of the bloodstream pathogens (median annual proportion, 2.8%; range, 2.3%-3.4%) and ranked seventh”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · p. 4 · plain
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In the paper
“The proportion of Candida tropicalis increased from 2% to 9% ( )”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
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In the paper
“The analysis of hospital characteristics and activities shows a significant increase in the number of blood cultures and transplantations performed”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Resistant nonalbicans isolates of Candida included 5 C. glabrata isolates, 1 C. krusei isolate, 1 Candida norvegiensis isolate, and 1 C. tropicalis isolate.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“In 1991, 2.1 and 5.2 g per 10,000 patient-days were administered intravenously and orally, respectively; in 2000, 12.2 and 17.8 g per 10,000 patient-days were administered, respectively”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“Candida organisms ranged from the sixth through ninth most recovered bloodstream pathogens and accounted for 2%-3% of all isolates during this period.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“In Switzerland, one-third of all episodes of candidemia occurred in ICUs, onethird in medical wards (including hemato-oncology units), and one-fourth in surgical wards.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“In 1999-2000, data on fluconazole susceptibility were available for 96 (39%) of 245 Candida isolates, comprising 90 (60%) of 151 isolates from university hospitals and 6 (6%) of 94 from university-affiliated hospitals ( ).”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“In 2000, 0.54 episodes per 10,000 patient-days (0.36 episodes per 1000 hospital admissions) and 0.40 episodes per 10,000 patient-days (0.15 episodes per 1000 hospital admissions) were reported in university and university-affiliated hospitals, respectively.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We conducted a nationwide survey of candidemia during 1991-2000 in 17 university and university-affiliated hospitals representing 79% of all tertiary care hospital beds in Switzerland.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · p. 2 · plain
“A total of 9333 beds representing 79% of all tertiary care hospital beds in Switzerland were included in the survey”
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- Also stated in: § RESULTS · p. 2 · plain
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“These institutions are distributed across the country and play a key role in the national health care system by serving the majority of the population of Switzerland ( ∼ 6,100,000 [84%] of 7,200,000 residents).”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“All laboratories used automated blood culture systems (12 used Bactec [Becton Dickinson] and 5 used BacT/Alert [bioMe ´rieux]), and 7 (44%) of 16 used special blood culture bottles for fungus detection (5 used Bactec Mycosis IC/F vials [Becton Dickinson] and 2 used other types). Recognized standard laboratory techniques for Candida species identification were used by all laboratories [16].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [16] Warren N, Hazen K. Candida, Cryptococcus, and other yeasts of medical importance. In: Murray PR, ed. Manual of clinical microbiology. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 1999:1184-1199.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“All Swiss university hospitals (5 health care centers and 2 independent pediatric hospitals) and a representative sample of university-affiliated tertiary care teaching centers ( ) were included in a retrospective surn p 11 vey.”
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In the paper
“All hematopoietic stem cell and solid-organ transplantations are performed in these centers”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
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In the paper
“Returned questionnaires (from 17 of the 18 hospitals) were checked by the survey coordinators for completeness and consistency. Those with missing data or inconsistencies were returned for completion and/or correction.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Antifungal susceptibility testing, the quality control of which was based on NCCLS recommendations, was performed in 7 (44%) of 16 laboratories [17].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [17] NCCLS. Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts; approved standard. NCCLS document M27-A. Villanova, PA: NCCLS, 1997.
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In the paper
“It provides a longitudinal overview of the secular trends associated with patient-care activities, which is representative of the entire country over a 10-year period.”
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A similar evolution was observed in Asia [18].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Chen YC, 1997, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol source
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What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Despite the lack of a centralized laboratory, this retrospective study represents the largest European series of candidemia and one of the largest worldwide.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes? Based: unclearIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“The incidence of candidemia remained stable, despite increasing high-risk activities, and no shift to azole-resistant Candida species was observed.”
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
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In the paper
“On the other hand, improved infection-control practices might have contributed to such stabilization, despite an increase of high-risk patient-care activities.”
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:conditional· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Invasive candidiasis emerged as a major problem in US hospitals in the 1980s [5, 7].”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“However, an inverse trend was observed during 19891999 among ICUs in US hospitals reporting to the NNIS system [8].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The emergence of Candida species with decreased susceptibility or intrinsic resistance to azoles was a major concern in the 1990s.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Other North American and European investigators confirmed these observations in larger hospital settings [10, 11, 13, 20, 22, 25, 26].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [10] Abi-Said D, 1997, Clin Infect Dis source
- Not checked yetcites [11] Viscoli C, 1999, Clin Infect Dis source
- Not checked yetcites [13] source
- Not checked yetcites [20] Berrouane YF, 1999, J Clin Microbiol source
- Not checked yetcites [22] source
- Not checked yetcites [25] source
- Not checked yetcites [26] source
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In the paper
“This phenomenon was first reported in the United States in neutropenic recipients of bone marrow transplants [9].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] Wingard JR, 1991, N Engl J Med source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Other recent multicenter longitudinal data from Europe are lacking.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Ten years later, Berrouane et al. [20] observed 0.98 episodes of candidemia per 10,000 patient-days in 1 US tertiary care center.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] Berrouane YF, 1999, J Clin Microbiol source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“No significant change was reported in 1 Swiss hospital between 1989 and 2000 [19].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [19] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“In Europe, contrasting data were reported in the early 1990s-the incidence of candidemia increased in The Netherlands and remained stable in Norway [13, 15].”
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The distribution of Candida species plays a key role for establishing efficient management strategies [23, 24].”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“In contrast, a study from 1 Swiss university hospital reported no shift to nonalbicans species of Candida, despite a significant increase in fluconazole use between 1989 and 2000 [19].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [19] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The role of the widespread use of azoles in the shift to resistant Candida species has been largely debated and remains controversial [12].”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [12] White MH, 1997, Clin Infect Dis source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“The species distributions were very close to those reported in Norway during the early 1990s, in Italy during an ECCM survey conducted in the late 1990s, and in Wales [15, 22, 28].”
What the sources say
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Two groups observed an important increase of C. glabrata fungemia in the 1990s and analyzed fluconazole consumption over time.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Trick et al. [8] recently confirmed these trends in patients in US ICUs.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Voss et al. [13] evaluated the annual nationwide fluconazole use in The Netherlands in kilograms and observed a 4-fold increase between 1990 and 1995.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Similarly, Berrouane et al. [20] observed a substantial increase in fluconazole use, from 3 to 33 g per 10,000 patient-days in 1990 and 1994, respectively.”
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [20] Berrouane YF, 1999, J Clin Microbiol source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In institutions where this shift occurred, proportions of C. glabrata and C. krusei were 15%-45% and 5%20%, respectively.”
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds. It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
No recent longitudinal multicenter study on candidemia in Europe had been performed before this survey.
“to our knowledge, no recent longitudinal multicenter study has been performed in Europe.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The participating hospitals' candidemia surveillance data are complete and accurate for the study period.
“Data on the number of patient-days spent in the hospital, the transplantation activities, the number of blood cultures performed, the 10 most frequently recovered bloodstream isolates, and the consumption of fluconazole during 1991-2000 were additionally obtained from a representative sample of university and university-affiliated hospitals.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Blood culture practices and the number of blood cultures performed are valid indicators of the incidence of bloodstream infections.
“The number of transplantations and bloodstream infections increased significantly ( ).”
The paper relies on this without support.
Fluconazole consumption data from the representative sample reflect national fluconazole consumption in Swiss tertiary care hospitals.
“Fluconazole consumption increased significantly ( ).”
The paper relies on this without support.
The species identification methods remained consistent across hospitals and over the 10-year period.
“Recognized standard laboratory techniques for Candida species identification were used by all laboratories [16].”
The paper relies on this without support.
Critically ill and severely immunocompromised patients are at particularly high risk for invasive candidiasis.
“Critically ill and severely immunocompromised patients are at particularly high risk for invasive candidiasis.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Overall, ICU candidiasis represent one-third of all invasive candidiasis and is associated with a high mortality rate [11].”
From Management of invasive candidiasis and candidemia in adult non-neutropenic intensive care unit patients: part I. Epidemiology and diagnosis (2009) · cites this paper as [11]
In the citing paper
“The isolates shared a common DNA fingerprint, and nosocomial transmission stopped following reinforcement of infection control measures.”
From Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis: a Persistent Public Health Problem (2007) · cites this paper as [151]
In the citing paper
“Masala et al. (151) reported a cluster of C. guilliermondii catheter-related BSIs among five surgical patients.”
From Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis: a Persistent Public Health Problem (2007) · cites this paper as [151]
In the citing paper
“The infections were successfully treated with catheter removal and administration of fluconazole.”
From Epidemiology of Invasive Candidiasis: a Persistent Public Health Problem (2007) · cites this paper as [151]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Conclusion denies a reported resistant C. albicans isolate
MajorThe discussion says no resistance was observed in C. albicans, but the susceptibility results report one resistant isolate. This directly contradicts a conclusion about resistance.
“Although fluconazole use increased significantly over the 10-year period, no shift toward azole-resistant nonalbicans species of Candida and no resistance in C. albicans were observed.”
“Fifty-six C. albicans isolates and 40 nonP ! .001 albicans isolates of Candida were tested for susceptibility to fluconazole, and 1 (2%) and 8 (20%) of the isolates, respectively, were resistant, according to the NCCLS criteria.”
Percentage with ward-location data is incorrect
MinorThe reported 92 patients out of 117 constitute 78.6%, which rounds to 79%, not 77%.
Reported 77 · recomputed 78.632479
“Data on the hospital ward distribution of 92 (77%) of all 117 patients with candidemia reported in 2000 were available from 10 hospitals.”
ICU percentage for 1991-1995 is overstated
MinorThe stated 109 ICU episodes out of 355 are 30.7%, which rounds to 31%, not 32%.
Reported 32 · recomputed 30.704225
“109 (32%) of 355 and 107 (35%) of”
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Caspofungin for prevention of intra-abdominal candidiasis in high-risk surgical patients
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Antifungal use influences Candida species distribution and susceptibility in the intensive care unit
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Candida tropicalis fungaemia: incidence, risk factors and mortality in a general hospital
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Preventing invasive candida infections. Where could we do better?
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RetractedEuropean expert opinion on the management of invasive candidiasis in adults
Kullberg, B. J., Verweij, P. E., Akova, M., Arendrup, M. C., Billé, J., Calandra, T., Cuenca‐Estrella, M., Herbrecht, R., Jacobs, F., Kalin, M., et al. (2011) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2011.03615.x · Cited by 72
Self-citationEffect of fluconazole consumption on long-term trends in candidal ecology
Blot, S. I. (2006) · Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy · doi:10.1093/jac/dkl241 · Cited by 71
Rifaximin, a Nonabsorbed Oral Antibiotic, Prevents Shigellosis after Experimental Challenge
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Chun-fang, M., Li, F., Shi, L.-N., Hu, Y., Wang, Y., Huang, M., & Kong, Q. (2013) · BMC Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1186/1471-2334-13-337 · Cited by 69
Giacobbe, D. R., Maraolo, A. E., Simeon, V., Magnè, F., Pace, M. C., Gentile, I., Chiodini, P., Viscoli, C., Sanguinetti, M., Mikulska, M., et al. (2020) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/myc.13054 · Cited by 71
Canadian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Invasive Candidiasis in Adults
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Novel strategies to fightCandidaspecies infection
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Microsatellite Marker Analysis as a Typing System for Candida glabrata
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Candidemia is Costly--Plain and Simple
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EPIDEMIOLOGY OF INVASIVE FUNGAL INFECTIONS IN THE MEDITERRANEAN AREA
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Failure of Empirical Systemic Antifungal Therapy in Mechanically Ventilated Critically Ill Patients
Bailly, S., Bouadma, L., Azoulay, É., Garrouste-Orgeas, M., Adrie, C., Souweine, B., Schwebel, C., Maubon, D., Hamidfar-Roy, R., Darmon, M., et al. (2015) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.201409-1701oc · Cited by 63
Velasco, E., & Bigni, R. (2008) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s10096-008-0546-y · Cited by 59
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Mixed Fungemia: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Mortality in a General Hospital
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Candidainfection and colonization among non-trauma emergency surgery patients
Kourkoumpetis, T. K., Manolakaki, D., Velmahos, G. C., Chang, Y., Alam, H. B., Moya, M. M. D., Sailhamer, E. A., & Mylonakis, E. E. (2010) · Virulence · doi:10.4161/viru.1.5.12795 · Cited by 56
Epidemiology of Community‐Onset Candidemia in Connecticut and Maryland
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Diagnosis and Treatment of Candidemia in the Intensive Care Unit
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Rodríguez-Pardo, D., the Barcelona Candidemia Project Study Group, Almirante, B., Cuenca‐Estrella, M., Rodríguez-Tudela, J. L., Mensa, J., Ayats, J., Sánchez, F., & Pahissa, A. (2010) · Clinical Microbiology and Infection · doi:10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03208.x · Cited by 56
Al‐Tawfiq, J. A. (2006) · International Journal of Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2006.03.003 · Cited by 54
Detection of Fifteen Species of Candida in an Automated Blood Culture System
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Candida Bloodstream Infections: Changes in Epidemiology and Increase in Drug Resistance
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Attributable mortality of candidemia after introduction of echinocandins
Cornely, F. B., Cornely, O. A., Salmanton‐García, J., Koehler, F. C., Koehler, P. A., Seifert, H., Wingen-Heimann, S. M., & Mellinghoff, S. C. (2020) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/myc.13177 · Cited by 56
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An approach to etiology, diagnosis and management of different types of candidiasis
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Relevance of Macrophage Extracellular Traps in C. albicans Killing
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Lagrou, K., Verhaegen, J., Peetermans, W. E., Rijdt, T. D., Maertens, J. A., & Wijngaerden, E. V. (2007) · European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1007/s10096-007-0339-8 · Cited by 51
Fungal bloodstream infections in tertiary care hospitals in Colombia
Cortés, J. A., Reyes, P., Gómez, C., Buitrago, G., & Leal, A. L. (2011) · Revista Iberoamericana de Micología · doi:10.1016/j.riam.2010.12.002 · Cited by 53
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Deciphering the epidemiology of invasive candidiasis in the intensive care unit: is it possible?
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Central venous catheter (CVC) removal for patients of all ages with candidaemia
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Septic Shock Due to Candidemia: Outcomes and Predictors of Shock Development
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Hsueh, P., Graybill, J. R., Playford, E. G., Watcharananan, S. P., Oh, M., Jaalam, K., Huang, S., Nangia, V., Kurup, A., & Padiglione, A. A. (2009) · International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents · doi:10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2009.03.014 · Cited by 48
Ding, X., Yan, D., Sun, W., Zeng, Z., Su, R., & Su, J. (2015) · Medical Mycology · doi:10.1093/mmy/myv060 · Cited by 48
Burden of serious fungal infections in Mexico
Corzo-León, D., Armstrong-James, D. P. H., & Denning, D. W. (2015) · Mycoses · doi:10.1111/myc.12395 · Cited by 48
A prospective, multi-center study of Candida bloodstream infections in Chile
Santolaya, M. E., Thompson, L., Dona Benadof, F., Tapia, C. V., Legarraga, P., Cortés, C. P., Rabello, M., Valenzuela, R., Rojas, P., Ricardo Rabagliati, B., et al. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0212924 · Cited by 48
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Hospital use of systemic antifungal drugs
de With, K., Steib–Bauert, M., Knoth, H., Dörje, F., Strehl, E., Rothe, U., Maier, L., & Kern, W. V. (2005) · BMC Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1186/1472-6904-5-1 · Cited by 45
Clinical Trials of Antifungal Prophylaxis among Patients Undergoing Surgery
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Self-citationCandida identification: a journey from conventional to molecular methods in medical mycology
Alam, M. Z., Alam, Q., Jiman-Fatani, A. A., Kamal, M. A., Abuzenadah, A. M., Chaudhary, A., Akram, M., & Haque, A. (2013) · World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s11274-013-1574-z · Cited by 48
Prophylaxis and treatment of invasive candidiasis in the intensive care setting
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Invasive Candida Infections and the Harm From Antibacterial Drugs in Critically Ill Patients
Jensen, J. S., Hein, L., Lundgren, B., Bestle, M. H., Mohr, T. T., Andersen, M. H., Løken, J., Tousi, H., Søe‐Jensen, P., Lauritsen, A. Ø., et al. (2014) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000000746 · Cited by 45
The Epidemiological Profile of Candidemia at an Indian Trauma Care Center
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Antifungal prophylaxis for invasive mycoses in high risk patients
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Role of Bronchoalveolar Lavage Diagnostics in Fungal Infections
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No increase in primary nosocomial candidemia in 682 German intensive care units during 2006 to 2011
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Synthesis and Anticandidal Activity of New Imidazole-Chalcones
Osmani̇ye, D., Çavuşoğlu, B. K., Sağlık, B. N., Levent, S., Çevik, U. A., Atlı, Ö., Özkay, Y., & Kaplancıklı, Z. A. (2018) · Molecules · doi:10.3390/molecules23040831 · Cited by 42
Playford, E. G., Eggimann, P., & Calandra, T. (2008) · Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1097/qco.0b013e3283177967 · Cited by 42
Self-citationDécanis, N., Tazi, N., Correia, A., Vilanova, M., & Rouabhia, M. (2011) · The Open Microbiology Journal · doi:10.2174/1874285801105010119 · Cited by 43
Changing face of health-care associated fungal infections
Billé, J., Marchetti, O., & Calandra, T. (2005) · Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1097/01.qco.0000171924.39828.fb · Cited by 42
Self-citationVaccines against candidiasis: Status, challenges and emerging opportunity
Sahu, S. R., Bose, S., Singh, M. K., Kumari, P., Dutta, A., Utkalaja, B. G., Patel, S. K., & Acharya, N. (2022) · Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fcimb.2022.1002406 · Cited by 41
Biofilm-Associated Candidiasis: Pathogenesis, Prevalence, Challenges and Therapeutic Options
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Prediction of invasive candidal infection in critically ill patients with severeacute pancreatitis
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Alkharashi, N., AlJohani, S. M., Layqah, L. A., Masuadi, E., Baharoon, W., Al-Jahdali, H. H., & Baharoon, S. A. (2019) · Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology · doi:10.1155/2019/2015692 · Cited by 40
Fayed, E. A., Ebrahim, M. A., Fathy, U., Saeed, H. S. E., & Khalaf, W. S. (2022) · Journal of Molecular Structure · doi:10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.133578 · Cited by 40
Cornely, O. A., Aversa, F., Cook, P., Jones, B., Michallet, M., Shea, T. C., & Vallejo, C. T. (2011) · European Journal Of Haematology · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0609.2011.01682.x · Cited by 40
Susceptibility of Candida species isolated from immunocompromised patients to antifungal agents
Badiee, P., Alborzi, A., Shakiba, E., Farshad, S. H., & Japoni, A. (2011) · Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal · doi:10.26719/2011.17.5.425 · Cited by 38
Invasive candidiasis and candidemia: from current opinions to future perspectives
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Trends of the Epidemiology of Candidemia in Switzerland: A 15-Year FUNGINOS Survey
Adam, K.-M., Osthoff, M., Lamoth, F., Conen, A., Erard, V., Boggian, K., Schreiber, P. W., Zimmerli, S., Bochud, P.-Y., Neofytos, D., et al. (2021) · Open Forum Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/ofid/ofab471 · Cited by 37
Self-citationSecular trends of candidemia in a tertiary care hospital
Camargo, T. Z. S., Marra, A. R., Silva, C. V., Cardoso, M. F. S., Martino, M. D. V., Camargo, L. F. A., & Corrêa, L. (2010) · American Journal of Infection Control · doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2009.12.012 · Cited by 37
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Epidemiology of Candidemia in a Turkish tertiary care hospital
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Metadata
- Authors
- Marchetti, O., Bille, J., Fluckiger, U., Eggimann, P., Ruef, C., Garbino, J., Calandra, T., Glauser, M., Tauber, M. G., Pittet, D., & Fungal Infection Network of Switzerland (FUNGINOS)
- Affiliations
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- University Hospital of Geneva (CH)
- University of Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Marchetti, Oscar
- Venue
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 311-320
- ISSN
- 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6591
- OpenAlex
- W2156803121
- Semantic Scholar
- 0d5bcae50ab2bf491c4b0a502cd9e553f5257a3a
- Cited by
- 478
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 18
- FWCI
- 20.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (acceptedVersion, other-oa)
- reroDoc Digital Library (submittedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- BORIS (University Library Bern) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Zurich Open Repository and Archive (University of Zurich)
- Open Access CRIS of the University of Bern
- Funders
- Pfizer
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Yeasts and Rust Fungi Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Fungal Infections and Studies
- Keywords
- candidemia, Candida species, bloodstream infection, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, Candida parapsilosis, Candida krusei, azole resistance, transplant recipients, incidence trends, Switzerland
- MeSH terms
- Antifungal Agents, Candidiasis, Cross Infection, Data Collection, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Hospitals, University, Humans, Longitudinal Studies, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Switzerland, United States, Fluconazole, Fungemia
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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