Toward 1% Photometry: End‐to‐End Calibration of Astronomical Telescopes and Detectors

Stubbs, Christopher W.; Tonry, John L.

doi:10.1086/505138

Cited by 105Astronomy and Astrophysical ResearchCalibration and Measurement TechniquesStellar, planetary, and galactic studies

Toward 1% Photometry: End‐to‐End Calibration of Astronomical Telescopes and Detectors

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Stubbs, Christopher W., Tonry, John L.·2006·The Astrophysical Journal

DOI 10.1086/505138

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Abstract

We review the systematic uncertainties that have plagued attempts to obtain high precision and high accuracy from ground-based photometric measurements using CCDs. We identify two main challenges in breaking through the 1% precision barrier: (1) fully characterizing atmospheric transmission, along the instrument's line of sight, and (2) properly identifying, measuring, and removing instrumental artifacts. We discuss approximations and limitations inherent in the present methodology, and we estimate their contributions to systematic photometric uncertainties. We propose an alternative conceptual scheme for the relative calibration of astronomical apparatus: the availability of calibrated detectors whose relative spectral sensitivity is known to better than one part in 10 3 opens up the possibility of in situ relative throughput measurements, normalized to a precision calibrated detector, using a stable but uncalibrated narrowband light source. An implementation scheme is outlined, which exploits the availability of tunable lasers to map out the relative wavelength response of an imaging system, using a flat-field screen and a calibrated reference photodiode. The merits and limitations of this scheme are discussed. In tandem with careful measurements of atmospheric transmission, this approach could potentially lead to reliable ground-based photometry with fractional uncertainties below the percent level.

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The quality of exposures in large campaigns remains essential to downstream tasks such as astrometric and photometric measurements and target selection.
“Despite the increase in scope and complexity of future imaging surveys, the quality of exposures in large campaigns will remain essential to downstream tasks, such as astrometric (e.g., Lang et al. 2009), and photometric (e.g., Stubbs & Tonry 2006) measurements, and target selection to facilitate follow-up studies (e.g., Myers et al. 2023).”
From A Semi-Supervised Learning Method for the Identification of Bad Exposures in Large Imaging Surveys (2026) · cites this paper as Stubbs & Tonry 2006

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(2021) · Atmospheric measurement techniques · doi:10.5194/amt-2021-88-rc2
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Comment on amt-2021-88
(2021) · Atmospheric measurement techniques · doi:10.5194/amt-2021-88-rc1
Reply on RC2
Ivănescu, L. (2021) · Atmospheric measurement techniques · doi:10.5194/amt-2021-88-ac2

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Self-citation

Authors: Stubbs, C. W., & Tonry, J. L.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
ORCID: Stubbs, Christopher W.
Tonry, John L.
Venue: The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Published: 2006-08
Volume: 646
Issue: 2
Pages: 1436-1444
ISSN: 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
1538-4357
DOI: 10.1086/505138
OpenAlex: W1996912798
Cited by: 105
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 6.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders: National Science Foundation
Topics: Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Instrumentation › Astronomy and Astrophysical Research
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Calibration and Measurement Techniques
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Keywords: photometric calibration, atmospheric transmission, instrumental artifacts, CCD detector, tunable lasers, ground-based photometry

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Toward 1% Photometry: End‐to‐End Calibration of Astronomical Telescopes and Detectors

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