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New Hubble Space Telescope Discoveries of Type Ia Supernovae at z≥ 1: Narrowing Constraints on the Early Behavior of Dark Energy
Open accessAbstract
We have discovered 21 new Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) and have used them to trace the history of cosmic expansion over the last 10 billion yr. These objects, which include 13 spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia at z ≥ 1, were discovered during 14 epochs of reimaging of the GOODS fields North and South over 2 yr with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on HST . Together with a recalibration of our previous HST -discovered SNe Ia, the full sample of 23 SNe Ia at z ≥ 1 provides the highest redshift sample known. Combining these data with previous SN Ia data sets, we measured H ( z ) at discrete, uncorrelated epochs, reducing the uncertainty of H ( z > 1) from 50% to under 20%, strengthening the evidence for a cosmic jerk—the transition from deceleration in the past to acceleration in the present. The unique leverage of the HST high-redshift SNe Ia provides the first meaningful constraint on the dark energy equation-of-state parameter at z ≥ 1. The result remains consistent with a cosmological constant [ w ( z ) = −1] and rules out rapidly evolving dark energy ( dw / dz ≫ 1). The defining property of dark energy, its negative pressure, appears to be present at z > 1, in the epoch preceding acceleration, with ~98% confidence in our primary fit. Moreover, the z > 1 sample-averaged spectral energy distribution is consistent with that of the typical SN Ia over the last 10 Gyr, indicating that any spectral evolution of the properties of SNe Ia with redshift is still below our detection threshold.
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“Current models of cosmology require the existence of both dark matter and dark energy to match observational constraints”
From LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products (2019) · cites this paper as Riess et al. 2007
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“[6] by fitting the flat ΛCDM model with the older SNIa gold data-set [4].”
Light propagation in inhomogeneous and anisotropic cosmologiesPreprint
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“3 shows the most recent Hubble diagram [42], obtained from the joint lightcurve analysis (JLA) of 740 SNeIa belonging to four different samples: Low-z survey [150], the SDSS-II supernova survey [151], the 3-year data release of the SuperNova Legacy Survey (SNLS) [152], and a few high redshift SNe detected with the Hub…”
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“The principal component analysis removes the correlation among different bins by diagonalizing the covariance matrix (Huterer & Cooray 2005; Riess et al. 2007).”
InfluentialTwo-component model of dark energy
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“…joint sample of 182 supernovae and 30 radio galaxies were obtained (but are not listed), and were combined with the best fit value of κSN obtained for the Riess et al. (2007) sample to obtain values of µR for the radio galaxies that can be combined with those already listed by Riess et al. (2007).”
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“We apply our statistics to the gold data sets from Riess et al. (2004) and Riess et al. (2007), as in our previous work.”
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“From various observations of the Hubble relation, most recently including the supernova data [1, 2, 3, 4 , 5, 6], one is by now very accustomed to seeing many plots of luminosity distance dL versus redshift z. But are there better ways of representing the data?”
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Foley, R. J., Kessler, R., Bassett, B. A., Frieman, J. A., Garnavich, P., Jha, S. W., Konishi, K., Lampeitl, H., Riess, A. G., Sako, M., et al. (2012) · Cited by 31
Self-citationCosmological constraints on dark energy models using DESI BAO 2024
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“…of different cosmological probes such as type Ia Supernovae (SNIa, e.g. Perlmutter et al. 1997; Riess et al. 1998; Perlmutter et al. 1999; Riess et al. 2004, 2007), the angular power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies (e.g. Hinshaw et al. 2013; Planck…”
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“All three SNe have been reported previously in the literature (Strolger et al. 2004; Riess et al. 2007).”
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“In modern cosmology, the spatially flat model with cosmological constant plus cold dark matter (ΛCDM) has withstood tests against most of the observational evidence (Riess et al. 2007; Cao et al. 2011, 2012, 2015; Cao & Zhu 2014; Planck Collaboration et al. 2016; Alam et al. 2017).”
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“…and low-luminosity (ΔM15(B) > 1.07) events.8 It should be noted that with the exception of the 22 events used for the cosmological investigation (Riess et al. 2007), most of the remaining supernovae have limited lightcurve information, which limits further precise determination of peak…”
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“The sample of known SNe Ia at z>1 is very small still (Riess et al. 2007) and these events help significantly to constrain the cosmological models and also to check for systematic effects in the supernovae.”
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“While versions of this test have already been proposed [12] and applied [13, 14] by other groups, we additionally considered calibration effects, quantified the evidence for accelerated expansion and studied systematic effects.”
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Dark-energy dynamics required to solve the cosmic coincidence
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WMAP5 and the Cluster Mass Function
Rines, K. J., Diaferio, A., & Natarajan, P. (2008) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/588783 · Cited by 28
“The WMAP5+SN+BAO constraints combine the WMAP5 data with supernova data from recent surveys (Astier et al. 2006; Riess et al. 2007; Wood-Vasey et al. 2007) and estimates of baryon acoustic oscillations from Percival et al. (2007).”
MethodThe dependence of Type Ia Supernovae salt2 light-curve parameters on host galaxy morphology
Pruzhinskaya, M. V., Novinskaya, A. K., Pauna, N., & Rosnet, P. (2020) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/staa3173 · Cited by 28
Expansion history andf(R) modified gravity
Fairbairn, M., & Rydbeck, S. (2007) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2007/12/005 · Cited by 28
Dark viscous fluid coupled with dark matter and future singularity
Sebastiani, L. (2010) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-010-1398-z · Cited by 28
How strong is the evidence for accelerated expansion?
Seikel, M., & Schwarz, D. J. (2008) · PUB – Publications at Bielefeld University (Bielefeld University) · Cited by 28
Probing Dark Matter Substructure with Pulsar TimingPreprint
Siegel, E. R., Hertzberg, M. P., & Fry, J. N. (2007) · Cited by 28
Yousaf, M., Alkahtani, B. S. T., Mustafa, G., & Maurya, S. K. (2025) · Chinese Journal of Physics · doi:10.1016/j.cjph.2025.08.011 · Cited by 27
Effects of ghost dark energy perturbations on the evolution of spherical overdensities
Malekjani, M., Naderi, T., & Pace, F. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stv1909 · Cited by 30
“…and the C© 2015 The Authors Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society accelerated expansion of the Universe (Riess et al. 1998, 2004, 2007; Perlmutter et al. 1999; Jaffe et al. 2001; Tegmark et al. 2004; Eisenstein et al. 2005; Ho et al. 2008; Percival et…”
BackgroundEvolution of spherical overdensities in holographic dark energy models
Naderi, T., Malekjani, M., & Pace, F. (2015) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stu2481 · Cited by 29
“In the last two decades, the astronomical data from SNe Ia (Riess et al. 1998, 2004, 2007; Perlmutter et al. 1999), CMB (Jaffe et al. 2001; Ho et al. 2008; Jarosik et al. 2011; Komatsu et al. 2011; Planck Collaboration XV 2014; Planck Collaboration XVI 2014; C© 2015 The Authors Published by Oxford…”
BackgroundYousaf, Z., Bamba, K., Bhatti, M. Z., & Farwa, U. (2018) · European Physical Journal A · doi:10.1140/epja/i2018-12556-8 · Cited by 22
FORECASTS OF DARK ENERGY CONSTRAINTS FROM BARYON ACOUSTIC OSCILLATIONS
Wang, Y. (2010) · Modern Physics Letters A · doi:10.1142/s0217732310034316 · Cited by 27
Unified dark fluid and cosmic transit models in Brans–Dicke theory
Tripathy, S. K., Pradhan, S. K., Naik, Z., Behera, D., & Mishra, B. (2020) · Physics of the Dark Universe · doi:10.1016/j.dark.2020.100722 · Cited by 27
Measurement on the cosmic curvature using the Gaussian process method
Yang, Y., & Gong, Y. (2021) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1085 · Cited by 27
Cosmological models with a hybrid scale factor
Tripathy, S. K., Mishra, B., Khlopov, M., & Ray, S. (2021) · International Journal of Modern Physics D · doi:10.1142/s0218271821400058 · Cited by 27
Vincenzi, M., Sullivan, M., Möller, A., Armstrong, P., Bassett, B. A., Brout, D., Carollo, D., Carr, A., Davis, T. M., Frohmaier, C., et al. (2022) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1404 · Cited by 27
ASASSN-15hy: An Underluminous, Red 03fg-like Type Ia Supernova
Lü, J., Ashall, C., Hsiao, E. Y., Hoêflich, P., Galbany, L., Baron, E., Phillips, M. M., Contreras, C., Burns, C. R., Suntzeff, N. B., et al. (2021) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac1606 · Cited by 27
Self-citationQuestioning the H 0 tension via the look-back time
Capozzıello, S., Sarracino, G., & Spallicci, A. D. A. M. (2023) · Physics of the Dark Universe · doi:10.1016/j.dark.2023.101201 · Cited by 27
The dynamical viability of scalar–tensor gravity theories
Agarwal, N., & Bean, R. (2007) · Classical and Quantum Gravity · doi:10.1088/0264-9381/25/16/165001 · Cited by 30
The three faces of Ωm: testing gravity with low- and high-redshift SNe Ia surveys
Abate, A., & Lahav, O. (2008) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2008.00519.x · Cited by 27
“We analyse both nearby supernovae (z ≤ 0.12) from Jha, Riess, & Kirshner (2007) and high redshift supernovae (z ≤ 0.176) from a sample compiled by Davis et al. (2007) which includes data from Riess et al. (2007) and Wood-Vasey et al. (2007).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialDeviation from the cosmological constant or systematic errors?
Qi, S., Lu, T., & Wang, F. Y. (2009) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00713.x · Cited by 27
Supersymmetry signals of supercritical string cosmology at the Large Hadron Collider
Dutta, B., Gurrola, A., Kamon, T., Krislock, A., Lahanas, A. B., Mavromatos, N. E., & Nanopoulos, D. V. (2009) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.79.055002 · Cited by 27
Breakdown of the initial value formulation of scalar-tensor gravity and its physical meaning
Faraoni, V., & Lanahan-Tremblay, N. (2008) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.78.064017 · Cited by 27
Observational Constraints on Purely Kinetic k -Essence Dark Energy Models
Yang, R.-J., & Gao, X.-T. (2009) · Chinese Physics Letters · doi:10.1088/0256-307x/26/8/089501 · Cited by 27
Rizwan, M. M., Hassan, Z., Sahoo, P. K., & Övgün, A. (2024) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1140/epjc/s10052-024-13497-9 · Cited by 26
Observational constraints on interacting dark matter model without dark energy
Cao, S., Zhu, Z., & Liang, N. (2011) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201016204 · Cited by 26
“…peak fluxes gives a direct measurement of their luminosity distances, thus SNe Ia provide the strongest constraints on thecos- mological parameters (Riess et al. 2004, 2007; Astier et al.2006; Davis et al. 2007; Wood-Vasey et al. 2007; Kowalski et al. 2008; Hicken et al. 2009; Chen et al. 2010).”
BackgroundInitial Data Sets with Ends of Cylindrical Type: I. The Lichnerowicz Equation
Chruściel, P. T., & Mazzeo, R. (2014) · Annales Henri Poincaré · doi:10.1007/s00023-014-0339-z · Cited by 26
“apply to both unless explicitly stated otherwise. 3 The reader should keep in mind that there is experimental evidence suggesting that we live in a world with strictly positive cosmological constant [33,45,51], whence the need for a better understanding of the space of solutions of Einstein equations with >0. In th…”
BackgroundComparison of different approaches to the quasi-static approximation in Horndeski models
Pace, F., Battye, R. A., Bellini, E., Lombriser, L., Vernizzi, F., & Bolliet, B. (2021) · Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1088/1475-7516/2021/06/017 · Cited by 26
Metadata
- Authors
- Riess, A. G., Strolger, L., Casertano, S., Ferguson, H. C., Mobasher, B., Gold, B., Challis, P. J., Filippenko, A. V., Jha, S., Li, W., Tonry, J., Foley, R., Kirshner, R. P., Dickinson, M., MacDonald, E., Eisenstein, D., Livio, M., Younger, J., Xu, C., Dahlen, T., & Stern, D.
- Affiliations
- Space Telescope Science Institute (US)
- Western Kentucky University (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2007-04-10
- Volume
- 659
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 98-121
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2099827831
- Cited by
- 1,758
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 108
- FWCI
- 116.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- W. M. Keck Foundation
- California Institute of Technology
- McMaster University
- Space Telescope Science Institute
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Keywords
- Type Ia supernovae, high-redshift supernovae, dark energy, dark energy equation of state, cosmic acceleration, spectral energy distribution, GOODS fields, cosmological constant
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