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New Hubble Space Telescope Discoveries of Type Ia Supernovae at z≥ 1: Narrowing Constraints on the Early Behavior of Dark Energy
Open accessAbstract
We have discovered 21 new Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) with the Hubble Space Telescope ( HST ) and have used them to trace the history of cosmic expansion over the last 10 billion yr. These objects, which include 13 spectroscopically confirmed SNe Ia at z ≥ 1, were discovered during 14 epochs of reimaging of the GOODS fields North and South over 2 yr with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on HST . Together with a recalibration of our previous HST -discovered SNe Ia, the full sample of 23 SNe Ia at z ≥ 1 provides the highest redshift sample known. Combining these data with previous SN Ia data sets, we measured H ( z ) at discrete, uncorrelated epochs, reducing the uncertainty of H ( z > 1) from 50% to under 20%, strengthening the evidence for a cosmic jerk—the transition from deceleration in the past to acceleration in the present. The unique leverage of the HST high-redshift SNe Ia provides the first meaningful constraint on the dark energy equation-of-state parameter at z ≥ 1. The result remains consistent with a cosmological constant [ w ( z ) = −1] and rules out rapidly evolving dark energy ( dw / dz ≫ 1). The defining property of dark energy, its negative pressure, appears to be present at z > 1, in the epoch preceding acceleration, with ~98% confidence in our primary fit. Moreover, the z > 1 sample-averaged spectral energy distribution is consistent with that of the typical SN Ia over the last 10 Gyr, indicating that any spectral evolution of the properties of SNe Ia with redshift is still below our detection threshold.
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“Current models of cosmology require the existence of both dark matter and dark energy to match observational constraints”
From LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products (2019) · cites this paper as Riess et al. 2007
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Observational Evidence from Supernovae for an Accelerating Universe and a Cosmological Constant
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Self-citationMeasurements of Ω and Λ from 42 High‐Redshift Supernovae
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Self-citationThe cosmological constant and dark energy
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“These half-dozen SNe Ia, all at z > 1:25, helped confirm the reality of cosmic acceleration by delineating the transition from preceding cosmic deceleration during the matter-dominated phase and by ruling out simple sources of astrophysical dimming (Riess et al. 2004b, hereafter R04).”
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Final Results from the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to Measure the Hubble Constant
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Self-citationExploring the Expansion History of the Universe
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Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters
Ade, P. A. R., Aghanim, N., Armitage-Caplan, C., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A. J., Barreiro, R. B., et al. (2014) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201321591 · Cited by 8,459
FIVE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE OBSERVATIONS: COSMOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION
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“The highz samples contain the Type Ia supernovae from the Hubble Space Telescope (Knop et al. 2003; Riess et al. 2004, 2007), the SuperNova Legacy Survey (SNLS) (Astier et al. 2006), the Equation of State: SupErNovae trace Cosmic Expansion (ESSENCE) survey (Wood-Vasey et al. 2007), as well as those used in the origina…”
InfluentialSelf-citationNINE-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE ( WMAP ) OBSERVATIONS: COSMOLOGICAL PARAMETER RESULTS
Hinshaw, G., Larson, D., Komatsu, E., Spergel, D. N., Bennett, C. L., Dunkley, J., Nolta, M. R., Halpern, M., Hill, R. S., Odegard, N., et al. (2013) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1088/0067-0049/208/2/19 · Cited by 5,121
“…supernovae with 123 SNe at low redshift (Hamuy et al. 1996; Riess et al. 1999; Jha et al. 2006; Hicken et al. 2009; Contreras et al. 2010), 93 SNe from the SDSS supernovae search (Holtzman et al. 2008), and 14 SNe at z > 1 from HST measurements by Riess et al. (2007) to form a sample of 472 SNe.”
MethodSelf-citationLSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products
Ivezić, Ž., Kahn, S. M., Tyson, J. A., Abel, B., Acosta, E., Allsman, R., Alonso, D., AlSayyad, Y., Anderson, S. F., Andrew, J., et al. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab042c · Cited by 4,357
“Probing Dark Energy and Dark Matter Current models of cosmology require the existence of both dark matter and dark energy to match observational constraints (Riess et al. 2007; Komatsu et al. 2009; Percival et al. 2010; LSST Dark Energy Science Collaboration 2012, and references therein).”
BackgroundSelf-citationScolnic, D. M., Jones, D. O., Rest, A., Pan, Y. C., Chornock, R., Foley, R. J., Huber, M. E., Kessler, R., Narayan, G., Riess, A. G., et al. (2018) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab9bb · Cited by 2,700
“The HST simulations are made in the same way as the PS1 and Low-z simulations, so that they directly represent the data in the SCP Cluster survey, GOODS, and CANDELS/CLASH surveys, but the spectroscopic selection efficiency was set equal to unity for these surveys.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Riess, A. G., Strolger, L., Casertano, S., Ferguson, H. C., Mobasher, B., Gold, B., Challis, P. J., Filippenko, A. V., Jha, S., Li, W., Tonry, J., Foley, R., Kirshner, R. P., Dickinson, M., MacDonald, E., Eisenstein, D., Livio, M., Younger, J., Xu, C., Dahlen, T., & Stern, D.
- Affiliations
- Space Telescope Science Institute (US)
- Western Kentucky University (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa (US)
- University of Arizona (US)
- California Institute of Technology (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2007-04-10
- Volume
- 659
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 98-121
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2099827831
- Cited by
- 1,758
- References
- 101
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 51 · 2024: 75 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 68 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 57 · 2018: 67 · 2017: 63 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 65 · 2014: 87 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 108
- FWCI
- 116.60
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- W. M. Keck Foundation
- California Institute of Technology
- McMaster University
- Space Telescope Science Institute
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Gamma-ray bursts and supernovae
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Keywords
- Type Ia supernovae, high-redshift supernovae, dark energy, dark energy equation of state, cosmic acceleration, spectral energy distribution, GOODS fields, cosmological constant
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