Trends in β‐Lactam Resistance Among Enterobacteriaceae
Abstract
beta-Lactam resistance among Enterobacteriaceae is related primarily to the emergence of novel beta-lactamases. The class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamases hydrolyze extended-spectrum beta-lactams and are inhibited by clavulanic acid. These beta-lactamases are divided in two groups: TEM and SHV derivatives and non-TEM and non-SHV extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (CTX-M1, CTX-M2, MEN-1, PER-1, PER-2, TOHO-1, and VEB-1). The plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases (MIR-1, FOX-1, MOX-1, BIL-1, CMY-1, CMY-2, and LAT-1) hydrolyze extended-spectrum cephalosporins and cephamycins and are not inhibited by clavulanic acid. They have been reported in Europe and in the United States. The 15 inhibitor-resistant penicillinases are TEM derivatives (except for SHV-10) and plasmid mediated, and they are mainly from Escherichia coli isolates. The carbapenemases noted among Enterobacteriaceae are either the chromosomally located penicillinases (Sme-1, NmcA, IMI-1) found in rare Enterobacter cloacae or Serratia marcescens isolates or the plasmid-mediated metalloenzyme IMP-1 that is widespread in Japan. The incidence of resistance among Enterobacteriaceae related to the other more common beta-lactam-resistance mechanisms has continued to rise worldwide.
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Applying the β-lactam hierarchy to S pneumoniae is a stronger assumption than for Gram-negative bacteria because β-lactam resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is more commonly due to β-lactamases that often follow this hierarchy, whereas β-lactam resistance in S pneumoniae is often due to mutations in penicillin binding protein.
“This is a stronger assumption for S pneumoniae than for the Gram-negative bacteria because the mechanism of resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is more commonly β-lactamases76 that often follow this hierarchy. By contrast, β-lactam resistance in S pneumoniae is often due to mutations77 in the penicillin binding protein”
From Global burden of bacterial antimicrobial resistance 1990–2021: a systematic analysis with forecasts to 2050 (2024) · cites this paper as [76]
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Naghavi, M., Vollset, S. E., Ikuta, K. S., Swetschinski, L. R., Gray, A. P., Wool, E. E., Robles Aguilar, G., Mestrovic, T., Smith, G., Han, C., et al. (2024) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(24)01867-1 · Cited by 3,791 · see citing works
Yigit, H., Queenan, A. M., Anderson, G. J., Domenech-Sanchez, A., Biddle, J. W., Steward, C. D., Alberti, S., Bush, K., & Tenover, F. C. (2001) · Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy · doi:10.1128/aac.45.4.1151-1161.2001 · Cited by 1,639 · see citing works
- Authors
- Nordmann, P.
- Affiliations
- Bicêtre Hospital (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Nordmann, Patrice
- ORCID
- Nordmann, Patrice
- Venue
- Clinical Infectious Diseases
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 1998-08
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- s1
- Pages
- S100-S106
- ISSN
- 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
- 1537-6591
- OpenAlex
- W2005042941
- Cited by
- 124
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 5.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- HighWire Press Open Archive (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology › Antibiotic Use and Resistance
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Keywords
- beta-lactam resistance, Enterobacteriaceae, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, carbapenemase, IMP-1, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, clavulanic acid, CTX-M enzymes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, beta-Lactamases, Cephalosporinase, Enterobacteriaceae, Humans, Plasmids, Carbapenems, beta-Lactam Resistance, beta-Lactamase Inhibitors
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