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Norovirus Illness Is a Global Problem: Emergence and Spread of Norovirus GII.4 Variants, 2001–2007

Open access
Siebenga, J. Joukje, Vennema, Harry, Zheng, Du‐Ping, Vinjé, Jan, Lee, Bonita E., Pang, Xiao‐Li, Ho, Eric C. M., Lim, Wilina, Choudekar, Avinash, Broor, Shobha, Halperin, Tamar, Rasool, Nassar B. G., Hewitt, Joanne, Greening, Gail E., Jin, Miao, Duan, Zhao‐Jun, Lucero, Yalda, O’Ryan, Miguel, Hoehne, Marina, Schreier, Eckart, Ratcliff, Rodney M., White, Peter A., Iritani, Nobuhiro, Reuter, Gábor, Koopmans, Marion·2009·The Journal of Infectious Diseases

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Noroviruses (NoVs) are the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis. Their high incidence and importance in health care facilities result in a great impact on public health. Studies from around the world describing increasing prevalence have been difficult to compare because of differing nomenclatures for variants of the dominant genotype, GII.4. We studied the global patterns of GII.4 epidemiology in relation to its genetic diversity. METHODS: Data from NoV outbreaks with dates of onset from January 2001 through March 2007 were collected from 15 institutions on 5 continents. Partial genome sequences (n=775) were collected, allowing phylogenetic comparison of data from different countries. RESULTS: The 15 institutions reported 3098 GII.4 outbreaks, 62% of all reported NoV outbreaks. Eight GII.4 variants were identified. Four had a global distribution--the 1996, 2002, 2004, and 2006b variants. The 2003Asia and 2006a variants caused epidemics, but they were geographically limited. Finally, the 2001 Japan and 2001 Henry variants were found across the world but at low frequencies. CONCLUSIONS: NoV epidemics resulted from the global spread of GII.4 strains that evolved under the influence of population immunity. Lineages show notable (and currently unexplained) differences in geographic prevalence. Establishing a global NoV network by which data on strains with the potential to cause pandemics can be rapidly exchanged may lead to improved prevention and intervention strategies.

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Metadata

Authors
Siebenga, J. J., Vennema, H., Zheng, D., Vinjé, J., Lee, B. E., Pang, X., Ho, E. C. M., Lim, W., Choudekar, A., Broor, S., Halperin, T., Rasool, N. B. G., Hewitt, J., Greening, G. E., Jin, M., Duan, Z., Lucero, Y., O’Ryan, M., Hoehne, M., Schreier, E., Ratcliff, R. M., White, P. A., Iritani, N., Reuter, G., & Koopmans, M.
Venue
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
Published
2009-09
Volume
200
Issue
5
Pages
802-812
ISSN
  • 0022-1899 (ISSN-L)
  • 1537-6613
OpenAlex
W2135821507
Cited by
681
References
1
FWCI
30.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Norovirus Illness Is a Global Problem: Emergence and Spread of Norovirus GII.4 Variants, 2001–2007. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1086/605127
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Siebenga, J. J., Vennema, H., Zheng, D., Vinjé, J., Lee, B. E., Pang, X., Ho, E. C. M., Lim, W., Choudekar, A., Broor, S., Halperin, T., Rasool, N. B. G., Hewitt, J., Greening, G. E., Jin, M., Duan, Z., Lucero, Y., O’Ryan, M., Hoehne, M., . . . Koopmans, M. (2009). Norovirus Illness Is a Global Problem: Emergence and Spread of Norovirus GII.4 Variants, 2001–2007. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. https://doi.org/10.1086/605127

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