Cited by 500Pneumonia and Respiratory InfectionsMicrobial infections and disease researchBacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing

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Etiology of Community‐Acquired Pneumonia: Increased Microbiological Yield with New Diagnostic Methods

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Johansson, Niclas, Kalin, Mats, Tiveljung‐Lindell, Annika, Giske, Christian G., Hedlund, Jonas·2010·Clinical Infectious Diseases

DOI 10.1086/648678PMC PMC7107844

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The microbial etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still not well characterized. During the past few years, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods have been developed for many pathogens causing respiratory tract infections. The aim of this study was to determine the etiology of CAP among adults-especially the occurrence of mixed infections among patients with CAP-by implementing a new diagnostic PCR platform combined with conventional methods. METHODS: Adults admitted to Karolinska University Hospital were studied prospectively during a 12-month period. Microbiological testing methods included culture from blood, sputum, and nasopharyngeal secretion samples; sputum samples analyzed by real-time quantitative PCR for Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis; nasopharyngeal specimens analyzed by use of PCR; serological testing for Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae, and viruses common in the respiratory tract; and urine antigen assays for detection of pneumococcal and Legionella pneumophila antigens. RESULTS: A microbial etiology could be identified for 67% of the patients (n = 124). For patients with complete sampling, a microbiological agent was identified for 89% of the cases. The most frequently detected pathogens were S. pneumoniae (70 patients [38%]) and respiratory virus (53 patients [29%]). Two or more pathogens were present in 43 (35%) of 124 cases with a determined etiology. CONCLUSIONS: By supplementing traditional diagnostic methods with new PCR-based methods, a high microbial yield was achieved. This was especially evident for patients with complete sampling. Mixed infections were frequent (most commonly S. pneumoniae together with a respiratory virus).

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Self-citation
Additional file 2 of Hospital utilization rates for influenza and RSV: a novel approach and critical assessment
Johnson, E. K., Sylte, D. O., Chaves, S. S., Li, Y., Mahé, C., Nair, H., Paget, J., van Pomeren, T., Shi, T., Viboud, C. G., et al. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14782717
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The Role of Respiratory Virus Infection in Adults Hospitalised with Acute Respiratory Illness
Clark, T. W. (2013) · Leicester Research Archive (University of Leicester)

Authors: Johansson, N., Kalin, M., Tiveljung‐Lindell, A., Giske, C. G., & Hedlund, J.
Affiliations: Karolinska University Hospital (SE)
ORCID: Johansson, Niclas
Giske, Christian G.
Venue: Clinical Infectious Diseases
Publisher: Oxford University Press (OUP)
Published: 2010-01-15
Volume: 50
Issue: 2
Pages: 202-209
ISSN: 1058-4838 (ISSN-L)
1537-6591
DOI: 10.1086/648678
PMC: PMC7107844
OpenAlex: W2163593399
Cited by: 500
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 33 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 47 · 2019: 33 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 30 · 2016: 37 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 17.31
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Clinical Infectious Diseases (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Karolinska Institutet
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Microbial infections and disease research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Keywords: community-acquired pneumonia, microbial etiology, co-infection, Streptococcus pneumoniae, respiratory viruses, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, pneumococcal antigen detection, PCR diagnosis, sputum culture, serological testing
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Prospective Studies, Virus Diseases, Community-Acquired Infections, Young Adult

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Etiology of Community‐Acquired Pneumonia: Increased Microbiological Yield with New Diagnostic Methods

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