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GALAXY CLUSTERS DISCOVERED WITH A SUNYAEV-ZEL'DOVICH EFFECT SURVEY
Open accessAbstract
The South Pole Telescope (SPT) is conducting a Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect survey over large areas of the southern sky, searching for massive galaxy clusters to high redshift. In this preliminary study, we focus on a 40 deg 2 area targeted by the Blanco Cosmology Survey (BCS), which is centered roughly at right ascension 5 h 30 m , declination −53° (J2000). Over two seasons of observations, this entire region has been mapped by the SPT at 95 GHz, 150 GHz, and 225 GHz. We report the four most significant SPT detections of SZ clusters in this field, three of which were previously unknown and, therefore, represent the first galaxy clusters discovered with an SZ survey. The SZ clusters are detected as decrements with greater than 5σ significance in the high-sensitivity 150 GHz SPT map. The SZ spectrum of these sources is confirmed by detections of decrements at the corresponding locations in the 95 GHz SPT map and nondetections at those locations in the 225 GHz SPT map. Multiband optical images from the BCS survey demonstrate significant concentrations of similarly colored galaxies at the positions of the SZ detections. Photometric redshift estimates from the BCS data indicate that two of the clusters lie at moderate redshift ( z ∼ 0.4) and two at high redshift ( z ≳ 0.8). One of the SZ detections was previously identified as a galaxy cluster in the optical as part of the Abell supplementary southern cluster catalog and in the X-ray using data from the ROSAT All-Sky Survey (RASS). Potential RASS counterparts (not previously identified as clusters) are also found for two of the new discoveries. These first four galaxy clusters are the most significant SZ detections from a subset of the ongoing SPT survey. As such, they serve as a demonstration that SZ surveys, and the SPT in particular, can be an effective means for finding galaxy clusters.
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“In addition, LSST will identify optical counterparts and provide deep optical imaging for clusters detected in other wavebands ( e.g., Staniszewski et al. 2009 ) .”
From LSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products (2019) · cites this paper as Staniszewski et al. 2009
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Citations
Cites
A Universal Density Profile from Hierarchical Clustering
Navarro, J. F., Frenk, C. S., & White, S. D. M. (1997) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/304888 · Cited by 9,917 · cited 1×
“…all motivated by some guess at the underlying threedimensional pressure profile of clusters: a modified version of the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW; Navarro et al. 1996, 1997) model as suggested in Nagai et al. (2007), numerically integrated along the line of sight to produce a model for the SZ…”
BackgroundThe Structure of Cold Dark Matter Halos
Navarro, J. F., Frenk, C. S., & White, S. D. M. (1996) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/177173 · Cited by 8,544 · cited 1×
“…all motivated by some guess at the underlying threedimensional pressure profile of clusters: a modified version of the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW; Navarro et al. 1996, 1997) model as suggested in Nagai et al. (2007), numerically integrated along the line of sight to produce a model for the SZ…”
BackgroundA catalog of rich clusters of galaxies
Abell, G. O., Jr. Corwin Harold, G., & Olowin, R. P. (1989) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1086/191333 · Cited by 1,406 · cited 2×
“In SPT-CL 0517-5430, the cluster that was previously included in the Abell supplementary southern cluster catalog (Abell et al. 1989) and the REFLEX catalog (Böhringer et al. 2004), there is a strong red sequence population apparent in g − r versus r and a peak in the photo-z histogram.”
BackgroundCosmology with the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect
Carlstrom, J. E., Holder, G. P., & Reese, E. D. (2002) · Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1146/annurev.astro.40.060401.093803 · Cited by 957
Self-citationWang, L.-M., & Steinhardt, P. J. (1998) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/306436 · Cited by 932 · cited 1×
“A catalog of clusters with masses and redshifts can be used to constrain the matter density, the density fluctuation amplitude, and the dark energy equation of state (Wang & Steinhardt 1998; Haiman et al. 2001; Holder et al. 2001; Molnar et al. 2004; Wang et al. 2004; Lima & Hu 2007).”
MethodBirkinshaw, M. (1999) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/s0370-1573(98)00080-5 · Cited by 830 · cited 1×
“Observations of the SZ effect, therefore, permit the detection of clusters with a selection function that is nearly redshift-independent (Birkinshaw 1999; Carlstrom et al. 2002).”
SUMSS: a wide-field radio imaging survey of the southern sky - II. The source catalogue
Mauch, T., Murphy, T., Buttery, H. J., Curran, J., Hunstead, R. W., Piestrzynski, B., Robertson, J. G., & Sadler, E. M. (2003) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06605.x · Cited by 823 · cited 1×
“The astrometry of the pointing model is tied to the PMN and SUMSS catalogs (Wright et al. 1994; Mauch et al. 2003) and is accurate to 10 arcsec in the final maps.”
MethodThe ROSAT-ESO Flux Limited X-ray (REFLEX) Galaxy cluster survey
Böhringer, H., Schuecker, P., Guzzo, L., Collins, C. A., Voges, W. H., Cruddace, R. G., Gil, A. O., Chincarini, G. L., Grandi, S. D., Edge, A. C., et al. (2004) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20034484 · Cited by 652
Detection of polarization in the cosmic microwave background using DASI
Kovac, J. M., Leitch, E. M., Pryke, C. L., Carlstrom, J. E., Halverson, N. W., & Holzapfel, W. L. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01269 · Cited by 651 · cited 1×
“…drawn from models based on the Borys et al. (2003) counts for dusty protogalaxies and a version of the Toffolatti et al. (1998) counts for radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGN) modified to match the DASI, CBI, and VSA counts at 30 GHz (Kovac et al. 2002; Mason et al. 2003; Cleary et al. 2005).”
MethodSelf-citationEffects of Galaxy Formation on Thermodynamics of the Intracluster Medium
Nagai, D., Kravtsov, A. V., & Vikhlinin, A. (2007) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1086/521328 · Cited by 536 · cited 1×
“…threedimensional pressure profile of clusters: a modified version of the Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW; Navarro et al. 1996, 1997) model as suggested in Nagai et al. (2007), numerically integrated along the line of sight to produce a model for the SZ surface brightness; a Gaussian profile; and a…”
Method
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Carlstrom, 2009, PASP
- Halverson, 2009, ApJ
- Sunyaev, 1970, Comments Astrophys. Space Phys., 2, 66
- Sunyaev, 1972, Comments Astrophys. Space Phys., 4, 173
- Voges, 1999, A&A, 349, 389
- Voges, 2000, VizieR Online Data Catalog
Cited by
Sorted by citations
SEVEN-YEAR WILKINSON MICROWAVE ANISOTROPY PROBE(WMAP) OBSERVATIONS: COSMOLOGICAL INTERPRETATION
Komatsu, E., Smith, K. M., Dunkley, J., Bennett, C. L., Gold, B., Hinshaw, G., Jarosik, N., Larson, D., Nolta, M. R., Page, L., et al. (2011) · The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series · doi:10.1088/0067-0049/192/2/18 · Cited by 8,802
“New measurements of the SZ effect toward many individual clusters with unprecedented sensitivity are now becoming available (Staniszewski et al. 2009; Hincks et al. 2009; Plagge et al. 2010).”
BackgroundSelf-citationLSST: From Science Drivers to Reference Design and Anticipated Data Products
Ivezić, Ž., Kahn, S. M., Tyson, J. A., Abel, B., Acosta, E., Allsman, R., Alonso, D., AlSayyad, Y., Anderson, S. F., Andrew, J., et al. (2019) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab042c · Cited by 4,357
“In addition, LSST will identify optical counterparts and provide deep optical imaging for clusters detected in other wavebands (e.g., Staniszewski et al. 2009).”
BackgroundArnaud, M., Pratt, G. W., Piffaretti, R., Bohringer, H., Croston, J., & Pointecouteau, E. (2009) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/200913416 · Cited by 711
“…years, SZ observational capability has made spectacular progress, from the first spatially resolved (single–dish) observations of individual objects (Pointecouteau et al. 1999, 2001; Komatsu et al. 1999, 2001) to the first discovery of new clusters with a blind SZ survey (Staniszewski et al. 2009).”
BackgroundDusty Star Forming Galaxies at High Redshift
Casey, C., Narayanan, D., & Cooray, A. (2014) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2014.02.009 · Cited by 653
“The bolometer array on the SPT completed a 87 deg2 survey of the sky looking for the detection of galaxy clusters via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich effect (Staniszewski et al., 2009; Vieira et al., 2010), then later some larger surveys to 770 deg2 (Mocanu et al., 2013); the full survey area completed in…”
MethodThe 10 Meter South Pole Telescope
Carlstrom, J. E., Ade, P. A. R., Aird, K. A., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Busetti, S., Chang, C. L., Chauvin, E., Cho, H.-M., Crawford, T. M., et al. (2011) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific · doi:10.1086/659879 · Cited by 690
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Staniszewski, Z., Ade, P. A. R., Aird, K. A., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Carlstrom, J. E., Chang, C. L., Cho, H.-M., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., de Haan, T., Dobbs, M. A., Halverson, N. W., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hrubes, J. D., Joy, M., Keisler, R., Lanting, T. M., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Loehr, A., Lueker, M., McMahon, J. J., Mehl, J., Meyer, S. S., Mohr, J. J., Montroy, T. E., Ngeow, C.-C., Padin, S., Plagge, T., Pryke, C., Reichardt, C. L., Ruhl, J. E., Schaffer, K. K., Shaw, L., Shirokoff, E., Spieler, H. G., Stalder, B., Stark, A. A., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Zahn, O., & Zenteno, A.
- Affiliations
- Case Western Reserve University (US)
- Cardiff University (GB)
- University of Chicago (US)
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- McGill University (CA)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- Marshall Space Flight Center (US)
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (US)
- Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian (US)
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Publisher
- American Astronomical Society
- Published
- 2009-07-20
- Volume
- 701
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 32-41
- ISSN
- 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
- 1538-4357
- OpenAlex
- W2149892437
- Cited by
- 322
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 35 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 19.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (0114422, 0813534, 0130612, 0715036, 0638937, 0708539)
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- University of Chicago
- Adolph C. and Mary Sprague Miller Institute for Basic Research in Science, University of California Berkeley
- McGill University
- Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago
- Office of Polar Programs
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Astrophysics and Cosmic Phenomena
- Keywords
- galaxy clusters, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, South Pole Telescope, high-redshift clusters, photometric redshifts, millimeter-wave observations
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