Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 422

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 169 of the 169 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories using ultracold atoms in optical lattices

Open access
Zohar, Erez, Cirac, J Ignacio, Reznik, Benni·2016·Reports on Progress in Physics

Abstract

Can high-energy physics be simulated by low-energy, non-relativistic, many-body systems such as ultracold atoms? Such ultracold atomic systems lack the type of symmetries and dynamical properties of high energy physics models: in particular, they manifest neither local gauge invariance nor Lorentz invariance, which are crucial properties of the quantum field theories which are the building blocks of the standard model of elementary particles. However, it turns out, surprisingly, that there are ways to configure an atomic system to manifest both local gauge invariance and Lorentz invariance. In particular, local gauge invariance can arise either as an effective low-energy symmetry, or as an exact symmetry, following from the conservation laws in atomic interactions. Hence, one could hope that such quantum simulators may lead to a new type of (table-top) experiments which will be used to study various QCD (quantum chromodynamics) phenomena, such as the confinement of dynamical quarks, phase transitions and other effects, which are inaccessible using the currently known computational methods. In this report, we review the Hamiltonian formulation of lattice gauge theories, and then describe our recent progress in constructing the quantum simulation of Abelian and non-Abelian lattice gauge theories in 1 + 1 and 2 + 1 dimensions using ultracold atoms in optical lattices.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1088/0034-4885/79/1/014401

Cites

169 of 169 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 169 references

Research works printed but not linked: 18

  1. Horstmann, 2011, Hawking radiation on an ion ring in the quantum regime, New J. Phys., 13, 10.1088/1367-2630/13/4/045008 · DOI
  2. Noh, 2012, Quantum simulation of neutrino oscillations with trapped ions, New J. Phys., 14, 10.1088/1367-2630/14/3/033028 · DOI
  3. Yu, 2008, Supersymmetry and the goldstino-like mode in Bose–Fermi mixtures, Phys. Rev. Lett., 100, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.090404 · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.100.090404
  4. Shi, 2010, Supersymmetric response of a Bose–Fermi mixture to photoassociation, Phys. Rev. A, 81, 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.011604 · doi:10.1103/physreva.81.011604
  5. Yu, 2010, Simulating the wess-zumino supersymmetry model in optical lattices, Phys. Rev. Lett., 105, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.105.150605 · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.150605
  6. Aoki, 2013, Review of lattice results concerning low energy particle physics
  7. Ben-Menahem, 1979, Confinement in compact QED for low couplings, Phys. Rev. D, 20, 1923, 10.1103/PhysRevD.20.1923 · doi:10.1103/physrevd.20.1923
  8. Hornbostel, 1990, Light-cone-quantized QCD in 1 + 1 dimensions, Phys. Rev. D, 41, 3814, 10.1103/PhysRevD.41.3814 · doi:10.1103/physrevd.41.3814
  9. Armoni, 2001, Massless QCD2 from current constituents, Nucl. Phys. B, 596, 459, 10.1016/S0550-3213(00)00719-7 · doi:10.1016/s0550-3213(00)00719-7
  10. Date, 1987, The spectrum of multiflavor QCD in two dimensions, Nucl. Phys. B, 283, 365, 10.1016/0550-3213(87)90278-1 · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(87)90278-1
  11. Frishman, 1987, Bosonization of colored flavored fermions and QCD in two dimensions, Nucl. Phys. B, 294, 801, 10.1016/0550-3213(87)90608-0 · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(87)90608-0
  12. Frishman, 1990, Baryon wave functions and strangeness content in QCD2, Nucl. Phys. B, 344, 393, 10.1016/0550-3213(90)90367-M · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(90)90367-m
  13. Gross, 1996, Screening versus confinement in 1 + 1 dimensions, Nucl. Phys. B, 461, 109, 10.1016/0550-3213(95)00655-9 · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(95)00655-9
  14. Armoni, 1998, The string tension in massive QCD2, Phys. Rev. Lett., 80, 430, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.80.430 · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.80.430
  15. Mezzacapo, 2015, Non-abelian lattice gauge theories in superconducting circuits, 10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.240502 · DOI
  16. Hamer, 1977, Lattice model calculations for SU(2) Yang–Mills theory in 1 + 1 dimensions, Nucl. Phys. B, 121, 159, 10.1016/0550-3213(77)90334-0 · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(77)90334-0
  17. Jordan, 1935, Der Zusammenhang der symmetrischen und linearen Gruppen und das Mehrkoerperproblem, Z. Phys., 94, 531, 10.1007/BF01330618 · doi:10.1007/bf01330618
  18. Nielsen, 1983, Field theories without fundamental gauge symmetries [and discussion], Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, 310, 261, 10.1098/rsta.1983.0088 · doi:10.1098/rsta.1983.0088

Cited by

See all 422

Metadata

Authors
Zohar, E., Cirac, J. I., & Reznik, B.
Venue
Reports on Progress in Physics
Published
2015-12-18
Volume
79
Issue
1
Pages
014401
ISSN
  • 0034-4885 (ISSN-L)
  • 1361-6633
OpenAlex
W1918709909
Cited by
422
References
169
FWCI
9.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
bronze
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories using ultracold atoms in optical lattices. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1088/0034-4885/79/1/014401
The paper
Zohar, E., Cirac, J. I., & Reznik, B. (2016). Quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories using ultracold atoms in optical lattices. Reports on Progress in Physics. https://doi.org/10.1088/0034-4885/79/1/014401

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.