What we don't know about BTZ black hole entropy
Open accessAbstract
With the recent discovery that many aspects of black hole thermodynamics can be effectively reduced to problems in three spacetime dimensions, it has become increasingly important to understand the `statistical mechanics' of the (2 + 1)-dimensional black hole of Bañados, Teitelboim, and Zanelli (BTZ). Several conformal field theoretic derivations of the BTZ entropy exist, but none is completely satisfactory, and many questions remain open: there is no consensus as to what fields provide the relevant degrees of freedom or where these excitations live. In this paper, I review some of the unresolved problems and suggest avenues for their solution.
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The local degrees of freedom in 2+1 black hole solutions are not yet completely understood.
“although these are certainly not yet completely understood [82].”
From Quantum Gravity in 2 + 1 Dimensions: The Case of a Closed Universe (2005) · cites this paper as [82]
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Cites
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2 + 1 dimensional gravity as an exactly soluble system
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Operator content of two-dimensional conformally invariant theories
Cardy, J. L. (1986) · Nuclear Physics B · doi:10.1016/0550-3213(86)90552-3 · Cited by 1,955 · see citing works
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Quantum Gravity in 2 + 1 Dimensions: The Case of a Closed Universe
Carlip, S. (2005) · Living Reviews in Relativity · doi:10.12942/lrr-2005-1 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Carlip, S.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carlip, S
- Venue
- Classical and Quantum Gravity
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 1998-11-01
- Volume
- 15
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 3609-3625
- ISSN
- 0264-9381 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6382
- OpenAlex
- W2038502180
- Cited by
- 213
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 12.32
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Classical and Quantum Gravity (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (9357203)
- U.S. Department of Energy (FG0391ER40674)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Statistical Mechanics and Entropy
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Geometry and Topology › Algebraic structures and combinatorial models
- Keywords
- BTZ black hole, black hole entropy, black hole thermodynamics, three-dimensional gravity, conformal field theory, statistical mechanics of black holes, degrees of freedom, 2+1 dimensions
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