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The apparent shape of a rotating charged black hole, closed photon orbits and the bifurcation set A 4
Open accessAbstract
The apparent shapes of various Kerr-Newman spacetimes are plotted. For this purpose the geometry of closed photon orbits is studied, forming a subset of the bifurcation set A 4 , well known in elementary catastrophe theory. One additional result is that the cosmic censorship hypothesis guarantees that the spacetime casts a shadow, whereas naked ring singularities enable the visibility of the `anti-world' of negative radii r through its interior. Moreover, the optical restrictions to the observability of the shadow of an astronomical black hole are inferred.
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“Models of optically thin spherical accretion fl ows around SMBHs generically predict that they will appear to distant observers as bright rings of emission surrounding a darker central ' shadow '”
From First Sagittarius A* Event Horizon Telescope Results. IV. Variability, Morphology, and Black Hole Mass (2022) · cites this paper as de Vries 2000
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Metadata
- Authors
- Vries, A. D.
- Affiliations
- Ruhr University Bochum (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Vries, A de
- ORCID
- Vries, A de
- Venue
- Classical and Quantum Gravity
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 1999-12-13
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 123-144
- ISSN
- 0264-9381 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6382
- OpenAlex
- W2164202970
- Cited by
- 240
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Classical and Quantum Gravity (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Black Holes and Theoretical Physics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Keywords
- Kerr-Newman black hole, charged rotating black holes, catastrophe theory, cosmic censorship, black hole shadow, optical geometry
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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