The relativistic Bose gas
Open accessAbstract
The quantum statistical mechanics of an ideal relativistic Bose gas of massive particles is discussed. The thermodynamic functions of the system are obtained from the exact expression for the logarithm of the grand partition function. The correct procedure for carrying out the non-relativistic and ultra-relativistic limits is presented. The limitations and errors of previous calculations which relied on the binomial expansion of the density of states are pointed out. It is shown that the behaviour of the system in the limit of zero temperature is dominated by the non-relativistic effects.
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There is a profound discontinuity as the mass of photons approaches zero: massive photons have three degrees of freedom, but massless photons have only two.
“There is a profound discontinuity as the mass of photons approaches zero: massive photons have three degrees of freedom, but massless photons have only two.”
From Electrodynamics on cosmological scales (2016) · cites this paper as [56]
Massive photons are described by the statistics of relativistic Bose gases.
“Massive photons are described by the statistics of relativistic Bose gases [56, 57].”
From Electrodynamics on cosmological scales (2016) · cites this paper as [56]
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Electrodynamics on cosmological scales
Li, L.-X. (2016) · General Relativity and Gravitation · doi:10.1007/s10714-016-2028-3 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Carvalho, C. A. D., & Rosa, S. G.
- Affiliations
- Princeton University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and General
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 1980-10-01
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 3233-3241
- ISSN
- 0305-4470 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6447
- OpenAlex
- W2094612273
- Cited by
- 28
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 2.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Physics A Mathematical and General (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- Ministério da Educação
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Statistical and Nonlinear Physics › Statistical Mechanics and Entropy
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum many-body systems
- Keywords
- quantum statistical mechanics, grand partition function, thermodynamic parameters, non-relativistic limit, ultrarelativistic limit, density of states, binomial expansion, massive particles
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