The DOI matches its Crossref record; 447 of the 447 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Signatures of quark-gluon plasma formation in high energy heavy-ion collisions: a critical review
Open accessAbstract
A critical review on signatures of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) formation is given and the current (1998) experimental status is discussed. After giving an introduction to the properties of QCD matter in both, equilibrium and non-equilibrium theories, we focus on observables which may yield experimental evidence for QGP formation. For each individual observable the discussion is divided into three sections: first the connection between the respective observable and QGP formation in terms of the underlying theoretical concepts is given, then the relevant experimental results are reviewed and finally the current status concerning the interpretation of both, theory and experiment, is discussed. A comprehensive summary including an outlook towards RHIC is given in the final section.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“Also strangeness production through hadronic rescattering or final state interactions was estimated to be negligibly small [133].”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [133]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Strangeness enhancement along with chemical equilibration are some of the earliest proposals for clear signatures of the formation of a QGP [133].”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [133]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The main idea is based on the estimate that the strangeness equilibration time in a hot QGP is of the same order as the expected lifetime of the QGP ( ∼ 10 fm/c ) produced in nucleus-nucleus collisions.”
From Phase Transitions in the Early and Present Universe (2006) · cites this paper as [133]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Items 401–447 of 447
Superconducting phase transition in a two-dimensional Chern-Simons theory
Kapusta, J. I., Carrington, M. E., Bayman, B. F., Seibert, D., & Song, C. S. (1991) · Physical review. B, Condensed matter · doi:10.1103/physrevb.44.7519 · Cited by 12
Hadron and hadron-cluster production in a hydrodynamical model including particle evaporation
Dumitru, A., Spieles, C., Horst Stöcker, B., & Greiner, C. (1997) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.56.2202 · Cited by 12
Seibert, D., Mishra, V. K., & Fái, G. (1992) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.46.330 · Cited by 11
Collision dissociation of heavy quarkonia in dense partonic systems
Wittmann, R., & Heinz, U. (1993) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1007/bf01555841 · Cited by 11
Prospects for production and detection of a quark-gluon plasma
Hove, L. V. (1987) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/0375-9474(87)90469-6 · Cited by 11
Strangeness in the central region
McLerran, L. (1987) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/0375-9474(87)90484-2 · Cited by 10
Exploding quark-gluon plasma and correlation between energy density and mean transverse momentum
von Gersdorff, H. (1987) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/0375-9474(87)90485-4 · Cited by 10
Dilepton production from p-p to CaCa at the Bevalac
Matis, H. S., Beedoe, S., Bougteb, M., Carroll, J., Christie, W., Gong, W. G., Hallman, T. J., Heilbronn, L., Huang, H., Kirk, P., et al. (1995) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/0375-9474(94)00735-6 · Cited by 10
Quark matter '88, conference summary
Kajantie, K. (1989) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/0375-9474(89)90611-8 · Cited by 10
How dense does parton matter get in Pb + Pb collisions at the CERN SPS?
Geiger, K., & Müller, B. (1998) · Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics · doi:10.1007/bf03158345 · Cited by 9
Recent results from the WA80 experiment at CERN
Kampert, K. ‐., Albrecht, R., Awes, T. C., Beckmann, P., Berger, F., Bloomer, M. A., Bock, D., Bock, R., Claesson, G., Clewing, G., et al. (1992) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/0375-9474(92)90573-3 · Cited by 9
Abreu, M. C., Alimi, M., Baglin, C., Baldit, A., Barreira, G., Bedjidian, M., Bordalo, P., Borenstein, S. R., Britz, J., Bussière, A., et al. (1988) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1007/bf01574526 · Cited by 9
Geometrical Color Optics of Coherent High-Energy Processes
Frankfurt, L. (1994) · Annual Review of Nuclear Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.44.1.501 · Cited by 9
QCD phases at high density and instantons
Shuryak, E. (1998) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(98)00494-1 · Cited by 8
SURVIVAL OF J/Ψ IN HADRONIC MATTER AT HIGH ENERGY DENSITY?
NEUBAUER, D., Sailer, K., Müller, B., Horst Stöcker, B., & Greiner, W. (1989) · Modern Physics Letters A · doi:10.1142/s0217732389001854 · Cited by 8
Self-citationAbatzis, S., Andrighetto, A., Antinori, F., Barnes, R. P., Bayes, A. C., Benayoun, M., Beusch, W., BRAVAR, A., Carney, J. N., de la Cruz, B., et al. (1994) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/0375-9474(94)90676-9 · Cited by 8
Noncompact lattice formulation of gauge theories
Friedberg, R. M., Lee, T. D., Pang, Y., & Ren, H. C. (1995) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.52.4053 · Cited by 7
Lepton pairs from a detonating quark-gluon plasma
Cleymans, J., & Fingberg, J. (1986) · Physics Letters B · doi:10.1016/0370-2693(86)91653-9 · Cited by 7
Search for direct thermal photons in the NA45/CERES experiment
Irmscher, D. (1994) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/0375-9474(94)90641-6 · Cited by 7
Strange particle production in sulphur-sulphur interactions at 200 per nucleon.
Abatzis, S., Andrighetto, A., Antinori, F., Barnes, R. P., Bayes, A. C., Benayoun, M., Beusch, W., Blaes, R., Bloodworth, I. J., Böhm, J., et al. (1994) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/0375-9474(94)90678-5 · Cited by 7
First look at NA52 data on PbPb interactions at 158 GeV/c per nucleon
Appelquist, G., Baglin, C., Beringer, J., Borer, K., Böhm, C., Bussière, A., Dittus, F., Elsener, K., Frei, D., Gorodetzky, P., et al. (1995) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/0375-9474(95)00246-w · Cited by 6
Baryon Junction Stopping at the SPS and RHIC via HIJING/BPreprint
Vance, S. E., Gyulassy, M., & Nian, W. X. (1998) · Cited by 6
Self-citationSrivastava, D. K., Sinha, B., Gale, C., Pal, D., & Haglin, K. (1996) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(96)00369-7 · Cited by 5
On the impossibility of temperature extraction from heavy ion induced particle spectra
Konopka, J., STÖCKER, H., & Greiner, W. (1995) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/0375-9474(94)00687-i · Cited by 5
Self-citationHeinz, U., Tomášik, B., Wiedemann, U. A., & Wu, Y. (1996) · Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics · doi:10.1007/bf03155620 · Cited by 5
Charmonium production in high energy collisions
Braaten, E. (1996) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(96)00372-7 · Cited by 4
Interferometry results from the CERN WA98 experiment
Rosselet, L., Angelis, A. L. S., Dönni, P., Foka, P., Martin, M., Naef, H., Kalechofsky, H., & Rubio, J. M. (1996) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(96)00360-0 · Cited by 4
Barrette, J. (1994) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/0375-9474(94)90657-2 · Cited by 4
WA97 results on strangeness production in lead-lead collisions at 158 A GeV/c
Andersen, E., Andrighetto, A., Antinori, F., Armenise, N., Ban, J., Barberis, D., Beker, H., Benayoun, M., Beusch, W., Böhm, J., et al. (1996) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(96)00352-1 · Cited by 4
Probes Of The Quark Gluon Plasma In High Energy Collisions
Kajantie, K. (1987) · Annual Review of Nuclear Science · doi:10.1146/annurev.nucl.37.1.293 · Cited by 4
Summary: current theories and directions of strangeness signals for quark matter
STÖCKER, H. (1997) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/23/12/043 · Cited by 3
Self-citationDilepton as a signature for the baryon-rich quark-gluon matter
Ze-Jun, H., & Zhang, J. (1995) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/21/7/001 · Cited by 3
First search for positive strangelets with the E864 spectrometer
Barish, K. N. (1996) · Acta Physica Hungarica A) Heavy Ion Physics · doi:10.1007/bf03155638 · Cited by 3
Charmonium Production in High Energy CollisionsPreprint
Braaten, E. (1996) · Cited by 3
Open charm contribution to dilepton spectra produced in nuclear collisions at SPS energies
Braun‐Munzinger, P., Miśkowiec, D., Drees, A., & Lourenço, C. (1998) · The European Physical Journal C · doi:10.1007/s100520050066 · Cited by 3
Strangeness production in the WA94 experiment at CERN
Venables, M. A., Abatzis, S., Andersen, E., Andrighetto, A., Antinori, F., Bayes, A. C., Benayoun, M., Beusch, W., Böhm, S. J., Carney, J. N., et al. (1997) · HAL · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/23/12/009 · Cited by 2
Structure of Vacuum & Elementary Matter
STÖCKER, H., Gallmann, A., & Hamilton, J. H. (1997) · doi:10.1142/9789814530798 · Cited by 2
Self-citationProceedings of the Ninth High Energy Heavy Ion Study
Chacon, A., Justice, M., & Ritter, H. G. (1993) · OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) · Cited by 1
Dependence of lepton pair emission on EoS and initial state
Huovinen, P., Ruuskanen, P. V., & Sollfrank, J. (1998) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(98)00344-3 · Cited by 1
1 Dependence of lepton pair emission on EoS and initial statePreprint
Huovinen, P., A, P. V. R., & B, J. S. (1998) · Cited by 1
Master index, Volumes A601–A610
(1996) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/s0375-9474(97)83507-5 · Cited by 1
Transverse Momentum of Psi and Dimuon Production in Pb+Pb CollisionsPreprint
Gavin, S., & Vogt, R. (1996) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9610432 · Cited by 1
Interplay of Interference Effects in Production of $J/Ψ$ and $Ψ'$ off NucleiPreprint
Huefner, J., & Kopeliovich, B. (1996) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.nucl-th/9606010
Electromagnetic Probes of Dense Matter in Relativistic Heavy-Ion CollisionsPreprint
Li, G. Q., Brown, G. E., Gale, C., et al. (1997) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.nucl-th/9712048
J/psi suppression in heavy ion collisions - interplay of hard and soft QCD processesPreprint
Spieles, C., Vogt, R., Gerland, L., et al. (1998) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9810486
Microscopic Analysis of Thermodynamic Parameters from 160 MeV/n - 160 GeV/nPreprint
Bleicher, M., Bass, S. A., Belkacem, M., et al. (1997) · arXiv (Cornell University) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.nucl-th/9704065
Self-citationDisappearance of Elliptic Flow: A New Probe for the Nuclear Equation of State
Danielewicz, P., Lacey, R., Gossiaux, P.-B., et al. (1998) · HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe) · doi:10.48550/arxiv.nucl-th/9803047
Research works printed but not linked: 41
- Wilkinson D, 1980, Prog. Part. Nucl. Phys., 4
- Proceedings of the Workshop on Future Relativistic Heavy Ion Experiments, 1980
- Ludlam T W, 1984, Nucl. Phys., 418
- Schroeder L S, 1987, Nucl. Phys., 461
- Santo R, 1988, Z. Phys., 38
- Baym G, 1989, Nucl. Phys., 498
- Blaizot J P, 1991, Nucl. Phys., 525
- Awes T C, 1992, Nucl. Phys., 544
- Stenlund E, 1994, Nucl. Phys., 566
- Poskanzer A M, 1995, Nucl. Phys., 590
- Braun-Munzinger P, 1996, Nucl. Phys., 610
- Hatsuda T, 1998, Nucl. Phys., 638
- Bertsch G F, 1983, Nucl. Phys., 400
- Gustaffson H A, 1986, Nucl. Phys., 447
- 1997, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 23
- Schürmann B, 1986, Phys. Rep., 147, 3
- Svetitsky B, 1982, Phys. Rev., 29, 963
- Xiong L, 1994, Phys. Rev., 49, 2207
- Bormann C, 1997, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 23, 1817
- The WA97 Collaboration, 1999, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 25
- Bleicher M, Phys. Lett.
- Hagedorn R, 1965, Suppl. Nuovo Cimento, III, 147
- Sorge H, 1995, Phys. Lett., 373
- Gyulassy M, Phys. Lett.
- Pinkenburg C, Phys. Rev.
- Nishimura S, 1998, Nucl. Phys., 638, 549
- Sorge H, 1997, Nucl. Phys.
- Hanbury Brown R, 1954, Phil. Mag., 45, 633
- Pratt S, 1994, Phys. Rev., 49, 2772
- Rafelski J, 1982, Phys. Rep., 88, 331
- For a review on the Schwinger Particle Production mechanism, 1994
- Venables M, 1997, J. Phys. G: Nucl. Part. Phys., 23, 1857
- Sollfrank J, Phys. Rev.
- Shuryak E V, 1978, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys., 28, 408
- Song C, 1994, Phys. Rev., 50, R1872
- Murray J, Phys. Rev.
- 10.1016/S0375-9474(97)83507-5 · DOI
- Jouan D, 1998, Nucl. Phys., 638, 438
- 10.1016/S0370-2693(98)00083-5 · DOI
- Drapier O, 1994, Nucl. Phys., 544, 209c
- With permission from the Annual Review of Nuclear, 1996
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Relativistic hadron-hadron collisions in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model
Bleicher, M., Zabrodin, E. E., Spieles, C., Bass, S. A., Ernst, C., Soff, S., Bravina, L. V., Belkacem, M., Weber, H., Horst Stöcker, B., et al. (1999) · Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics · doi:10.1088/0954-3899/25/9/308 · Cited by 1,730
Self-citationNew forms of QCD matter discovered at RHIC
Gyulassy, M., & McLerran, L. (2004) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.10.034 · Cited by 1,121
Self-citationDyson-Schwinger Equations: Density, Temperature and Continuum Strong QCD
Roberts, C. D., & Schmidt, S. M. (2000) · Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics · doi:10.1016/s0146-6410(00)00106-x · Cited by 671
Anisotropic transverse flow and the quark-hadron phase transition
Kolb, P. F., Sollfrank, J., & Heinz, U. (2000) · Physical Review C · doi:10.1103/physrevc.62.054909 · Cited by 510
Collective flow signals the quark–gluon plasma
Horst Stöcker, B. (2005) · Nuclear Physics A · doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2004.12.074 · Cited by 441
Metadata
- Authors
- Bass, S. A., Gyulassy, M., Stöcker, H., & Greiner, W.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- University of Washington (US)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 1999-01-01
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- R1-R57
- ISSN
- 0954-3899 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6471
- OpenAlex
- W2003831609
- Cited by
- 269
- References
- 442
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 14.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Journal of Physics G Nuclear and Particle Physics (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research) (submittedVersion)
- Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › High-Energy Particle Collisions Research
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Nuclear and High Energy Physics › Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
- Keywords
- quark-gluon plasma, heavy-ion collisions, QCD matter, RHIC, experimental observables
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review