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Enhanced blood–brain barrier transmigration using a novel transferrin embedded fluorescent magneto-liposome nanoformulation
Open accessAbstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is considered as the primary impediment barrier for most drugs. Delivering therapeutic agents to the brain is still a big challenge to date. In our study, a dual mechanism, receptor mediation combined with external non-invasive magnetic force, was incorporated into ferrous magnet-based liposomes for BBB transmigration enhancement. The homogenous magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), with a size of ∼10 nm, were synthesized and confirmed by TEM and XRD respectively. The classical magnetism assay showed the presence of the characteristic superparamagnetic property. These MNPs encapsulated in PEGylated fluorescent liposomes as magneto-liposomes (MLs) showed mono-dispersion, ∼130 ± 10 nm diameter, by dynamic laser scattering (DLS) using the lipid-extrusion technique. Remarkably, a magnetite encapsulation efficiency of nearly 60% was achieved. Moreover, the luminescence and hydrodynamic size of the MLs was stable for over two months at 4 ° C. Additionally, the integrity of the ML structure remained unaffected through 120 rounds of circulation mimicking human blood fluid. After biocompatibility confirmation by cytotoxicity evaluation, these fluorescent MLs were further embedded with transferrin and applied to an in vitro BBB transmigration study in the presence or absence of external magnetic force. Comparing with magnetic force- or transferrin receptor-mediated transportation alone, their synergy resulted in 50-100% increased transmigration without affecting the BBB integrity. Consequently, confocal microscopy and iron concentration in BBB-composed cells further confirmed the higher cellular uptake of ML particles due to the synergic effect. Thus, our multifunctional liposomal magnetic nanocarriers possess great potential in particle transmigration across the BBB and may have a bright future in drug delivery to the brain.
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“Nevertheless, their separate use still improved BBB delivery in comparison to traditional methods.”
From Advances in Strategies to Transport Nanoparticles Across the Blood–Brain Barrier for Drug Delivery into the Brain for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2026) · cites this paper as [121]
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“The results showed a 50–100% increase in transmigration across the BBB when an EMF and Tf were used simultaneously, compared to their use in isolation, which indicated a positive synergetic effect.”
From Advances in Strategies to Transport Nanoparticles Across the Blood–Brain Barrier for Drug Delivery into the Brain for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2026) · cites this paper as [121]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ding, H., Sagar, V., Agudelo, M., Pilakka-Kanthikeel, S., Atluri, V. S. R., Raymond, A., Samikkannu, T., & Nair, M. P.
- Affiliations
- Florida International University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Nair, Madhavan P
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nanotechnology
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2014-01-09
- Volume
- 25
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 055101
- ISSN
- 0957-4484 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6528
- PMC
- PMC4520325
- OpenAlex
- W1998341550
- Cited by
- 119
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 10
- FWCI
- 6.57
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nanotechnology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Florida International University
- National Institutes of Health (5r01da027049-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R21MH101025)
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (1R01-DA027049, R01-DA027049)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Barrier Structure and Function Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- blood-brain barrier, transferrin, transferrin receptor, magnetic nanoparticles, magnetite, PEGylated liposomes, superparamagnetism, magnetic force, brain drug delivery, liposomal nanocarriers, cellular uptake, blood-brain barrier integrity
- MeSH terms
- Astrocytes, Biological Transport, Active, Blood-Brain Barrier, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Fluorescent Dyes, Humans, Liposomes, Magnetics, Models, Biological, Particle Size, Receptors, Transferrin, Transferrin, Drug Delivery Systems, Nanotechnology, Endothelial Cells, Magnetite Nanoparticles
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