Quantum cellular automata
Abstract
The authors formulate a new paradigm for computing with cellular automata (CAS) composed of arrays of quantum devices-quantum cellular automata. Computing in such a paradigm is edge driven. Input, output, and power are delivered at the edge of the CA array only; no direct flow of information or energy to internal cells is required. Computing in this paradigm is also computing with the ground state. The architecture is so designed that the ground-state configuration of the array, subject to boundary conditions determined by the input, yields the computational result. The authors propose a specific realization of these ideas using two-electron cells composed of quantum dots. The charge density in the cell is very highly polarized (aligned) along one of the two cell axes, suggestive of a two-state CA. The polarization of one cell induces a polarization in a neighboring cell through the Coulomb interaction in a very non-linear fashion. Quantum cellular automata can perform useful computing. The authors show that AND gates, OR gates, and inverters can be constructed and interconnected.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Cites
Cellular Automata Machines: A New Environment for Modeling
Toffoli, T., & Margolus, N. (1987) · Cited by 933 · see citing works
Bistable saturation in coupled quantum dots for quantum cellular automata
Lent, C. S., Tougaw, P. D., & Porod, W. (1993) · Applied Physics Letters · doi:10.1063/1.108848 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Self-citationSingle-electron charging of quantum-dot atoms
Meurer, B., Heitmann, D., & Ploog, K. (1992) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.68.1371 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Nanoelectronics: Fanciful physics or real devices?
Randall, J. N., Reed, M. A., & Frazier, G. (1989) · Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B Microelectronics Processing and Phenomena · doi:10.1116/1.584545 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Spontaneous polarization of electrons in quantum dashes
Bakshi, P. M., Broido, D., & Kempa, K. (1991) · Journal of Applied Physics · doi:10.1063/1.348994 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Can We Switch by Control of Quantum Mechanical Transmission?
Landauer, R. W. (1989) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.2811186 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Multistable quantum systems: Information processing at microscopic levels
Obermayer, K., Mahler, G., & Haken, H. (1987) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.58.1792 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A device architecture for computing with quantum dots
Lent, C. S., & Tougaw, P. D. (1997) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.573740 · Cited by 1,273 · see citing works
Self-citationTwo-bit gates are universal for quantum computation
DiVincenzo, D. P. (1995) · Physical Review A · doi:10.1103/physreva.51.1015 · Cited by 1,069 · see citing works
A review of Quantum Cellular Automata
Farrelly, T. (2020) · Quantum · doi:10.22331/q-2020-11-30-368 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Consequences of Many-Cell Correlations in Clocked Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata
Taucer, M., Karim, F., Walus, K., & Wolkow, R. A. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology · doi:10.1109/tnano.2015.2426058 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Automated Design Architecture for 1-D Cellular Automata Using Quantum Cellular Automata
Mardiris, V. A., Sirakoulis, G. C., & Karafyllidis, I. G. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Computers · doi:10.1109/tc.2014.2366745 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Design of Generalized Pipeline Cellular Array in Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata
Almatrood, A. F., & Singh, H. (2018) · IEEE Computer Architecture Letters · doi:10.1109/lca.2017.2719021 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A Signal Distribution Network for Sequential Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata Systems
Hast, H., Khorbotly, S., & Tougaw, D. (2015) · IEEE Transactions on Nanotechnology · doi:10.1109/tnano.2015.2428651 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lent, C. S., Tougaw, P. D., Porod, W., & Bernstein, G. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Notre Dame (US)
- Venue
- Nanotechnology
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 1993-01-01
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 49-57
- ISSN
- 0957-4484 (ISSN-L)
- 1361-6528
- OpenAlex
- W1976924286
- Cited by
- 1,793
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 32 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 54 · 2023: 72 · 2022: 116 · 2021: 113 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 91 · 2018: 107 · 2017: 111 · 2016: 81 · 2015: 73 · 2014: 94 · 2013: 66 · 2012: 46
- FWCI
- 14.98
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nanotechnology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Office of Naval Research
- Air Force Office of Scientific Research
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Cellular Automata and Applications
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computational Theory and Mathematics › Quantum-Dot Cellular Automata
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › DNA and Biological Computing
- Keywords
- quantum cellular automata, quantum computing, quantum dots, ground state calculation, electrostatic interactions, charge polarization, logic gates, AND gate, OR gate, inverter, nanoelectronic logic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
