Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 674

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 232 of the 232 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate

Open access
Green, Anne M, Kavanagh, Bradley J·2021·Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics

Abstract

The detection of gravitational waves from mergers of tens of Solar mass black hole binaries has led to a surge in interest in primordial black holes (PBHs) as a dark matter candidate. We aim to provide a (relatively) concise overview of the status of PBHs as a dark matter candidate, circa Summer 2020. First we review the formation of PBHs in the early Universe, focussing mainly on PBHs formed via the collapse of large density perturbations generated by inflation. Then we review the various current and future constraints on the present day abundance of PBHs. We conclude with a discussion of the key open questions in this field.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1088/1361-6471/abc534

Cites

232 of 232 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 232 references

Cited by

See all 674

Metadata

Authors
Green, A. M., & Kavanagh, B. J.
Venue
Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics
Published
2021-02-10
Volume
48
Issue
4
Pages
043001
ISSN
  • 0954-3899 (ISSN-L)
  • 1361-6471
OpenAlex
W3044300735
Cited by
674
References
232
FWCI
33.32
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1088/1361-6471/abc534
The paper
Green, A. M., & Kavanagh, B. J. (2021). Primordial black holes as a dark matter candidate. Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6471/abc534

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.