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Cited by 322

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 77 of the 77 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Formation and evolution of primordial black hole binaries in the early universe

Open access
Raidal, Martti, Spethmann, Christian, Vaskonen, Ville, Veermäe, Hardi·2019·Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
DOI 10.1088/1475-7516/2019/02/018
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Abstract

The abundance of primordial black holes (PBHs) in the mass range 0.1–10 3 M ⊙ can potentially be tested by gravitational wave observations due to the large merger rate of PBH binaries formed in the early universe. To put the estimates of the latter on a firmer footing, we first derive analytical PBH merger rate for general PBH mass functions while imposing a minimal initial comoving distance between the binary and the PBH nearest to it, in order to pick only initial configurations where the binary would not get disrupted. We then study the formation and evolution of PBH binaries before recombination by performing N-body simulations. We find that the analytical estimate based on the tidally perturbed 2-body system strongly overestimates the present merger rate when PBHs comprise all dark matter, as most initial binaries are disrupted by the surrounding PBHs. This is mostly due to the formation of compact N-body systems at matter-radiation equality. However, if PBHs make up a small fraction of the dark matter, f PBH ≲ 10%, these estimates become more reliable. In that case, the merger rate observed by LIGO imposes the strongest constraint on the PBH abundance in the mass range 2–160 M ⊙ . Finally, we argue that, even if most initial PBH binaries are perturbed, the present BH-BH merger rate of binaries formed in the early universe is larger than 𝒪 (10) Gpc −3 yr −1 f PBH 3 .

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Metadata

Authors
Raidal, M., Spethmann, C., Vaskonen, V., & Veermäe, H.
Venue
Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics
Publisher
IOP Publishing
Published
2019-02-12
Volume
2019
Issue
02
Pages
018-018
ISSN
  • 1475-7508 (ISSN-L)
  • 1475-7516
DOI
10.1088/1475-7516/2019/02/018
OpenAlex
W2903375752
Cited by
322
References
77
FWCI
22.29
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Formation and evolution of primordial black hole binaries in the early universe. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/02/018
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Raidal, M., Spethmann, C., Vaskonen, V., & Veermäe, H. (2019). Formation and evolution of primordial black hole binaries in the early universe. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2019/02/018

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

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