Implementation of the Gauss-Circle Map for encrypting and embedding simultaneously on digital image and digital text
Open accessAbstract
This paper discusses implementation of Gauss-Circle Map (GCM) in cryptography and steganography process simultaneously. Cryptography is used for securing data confidentiality, while steganography is used to protect the existence of data. The objects that used in this thesis are digital text and digital images. This research was conducted by designing algorithms for encryption and embedding simultaneously, as well as extraction and decryption simultaneously then implement it with python programming. Results obtained from the observation shows that GCM had randomness level 100% using NIST test with chosen parameter x 0 (1) = x 0 (2) = 0, α (1) = α (2) = 9, β (1) = β (2) = 0.481, K (1) = K (2) = 1000000, and Ω(1) = Ω(2) = 0.5. Algorithm that have been designed have varying degrees of sensitivity according to different parameters, and high key spaces that reaches 2.6244 × 10 1269. Encrypted image is uniformly distributed since it passes goodness of fit test. Correlation coefficient values of the stego image are at interval [0.89,1] and very close to correlation coefficient values of the cover image. However, Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR) of the stego image did not meet standard (above 40 dB). Here, the extracted-decrypted stego image have perfect similarity with the original image.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The Gauss Circle map sequence passed all 16 NIST tests and demonstrated robust defense against entropy attacks.
“The Gauss Circle map sequence successfully passed all 16 NIST tests and demonstrated a robust defense against entropy attacks38.”
From A chaos-based augmented image encryption scheme for satellite images using Fredkin logic (2025) · cites this paper as [38]
Cites
Communication Theory of Secrecy Systems
Shannon, C. E. (1949) · Bell System Technical Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1538-7305.1949.tb00928.x · Cited by 9,440 · cited 1× · see citing works
“In general, there are three systems of confidentiality [2].”
BackgroundBassham, L. E., Rukhin, A. L., Soto, J., Nechvatal, J. R., Smid, M. E., Barker, E. B., Leigh, S. D., Levenson, M., Vangel, M., Banks, D. L., et al. (2010) · NIST Special Publication 800-22 Revision 1a · doi:10.6028/nist.sp.800-22r1a · Cited by 3,617 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Randomness Key Stream Analysis The procedure of the test is described in [13] with encrypting parameters that we used, and generated by 200,000 terms of key stream with equation (1).”
Method
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A chaos-based augmented image encryption scheme for satellite images using Fredkin logic
Alexan, W., Maher, E. A., Mamdouh, E., Youssef, M., & Ehab, N. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-22008-z · Cited by 20 · see citing works
- Authors
- Suryadi, M., Satria, Y., & Hadidulqawi, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Indonesia (ID)
- Corresponding author
- Suryadi, MT
- ORCID
- Suryadi, MT
- Venue
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2021-03-01
- Volume
- 1821
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 012037
- ISSN
- 1742-6588 (ISSN-L)
- 1742-6596
- OpenAlex
- W3150379208
- Cited by
- 8
- References
- 2
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3
- FWCI
- 0.49
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Physics Conference Series (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Artificial Intelligence › Computer Science and Engineering
- Keywords
- chaos-based cryptography, image steganography, text steganography, key space, sensitivity to initial conditions, NIST randomness tests
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review