Effects of reaction time on degree of substitution, yield and morphology of carboxymethyl cellulose from banana peel
Open accessAbstract
Abstract Carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) was extracted from cultivated banana peel (BP) agricultural waste. Cellulose was first extracted from BP through delignification, bleaching and hydrolysis processes. Then, CMC was prepared by the carboxymethylation reaction using monochloroacetic acid as a modifying agent. A mixture of 30% sodium hydroxide solution and isopropanol was used as the solvent medium for etherification with reaction time of 1-5 hours. The effects of reaction time on physical appearance, chemical structure, degree of substitution (DS), percent yield (%yield) and morphology of CMC were studied. Results indicated that banana peel cellulose (BPC) powder could be extracted from BP with yield of 14.81%±7.20. CMC was successfully prepared from BPC powder and confirmed by FT-IR technique. DS and %yield of CMC increased when reaction time increased from 1 to 4 hours but decreased when reaction time reached 5 hours. Reaction time of 4 hours gave optimal DS and %yield at 0.61±0.05 and 152.65±17.93, respectively. BPC presented bulk particle shape with a dense and smooth surface. After etherification, morphology of BPC was changed to a mixture of small particles with fibrous shape and a porous rough surface.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A shorter extraction led to a lower yield because of an incomplete process, and a longer extraction caused the degradation of banana peel CMC, also causing a lower yield.
“A shorter extraction led to a lower yield because of an incomplete process, and a longer extraction caused the degradation of banana peel CMC, also causing a lower yield [21].”
From Potential Valorization of Banana Production Waste in Developing Countries: Bio-Engineering Aspects (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
Section 3.3 reports lower CMC yields at shorter reaction times and a decline at five hours, which it attributes partly to CMC degradation. It does not explicitly attribute the shorter-time yield to an incomplete process. The varied time was for carboxymethylation, not cellulose extraction; page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBanana peel may be utilized in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) production.
“Banana peel may also be utilized in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) production-a popular and versatile thickening agent, texture modifier, and emulsifier used in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutic, personal and health care, paint, paper processing and packaging industries.”
From Potential Valorization of Banana Production Waste in Developing Countries: Bio-Engineering Aspects (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
In the case of CMC, the extraction time of 4 h provided the highest yield-about 152.65%.
“In the case of CMC, the extraction time of 4 h provided the highest yield-about 152.65%.”
From Potential Valorization of Banana Production Waste in Developing Countries: Bio-Engineering Aspects (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
The yield of raw banana peel cellulose was about 14% (% dry basis).
“The yield of raw banana peel cellulose was about 14% (% dry basis).”
From Potential Valorization of Banana Production Waste in Developing Countries: Bio-Engineering Aspects (2024) · cites this paper as [21]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Optimization of reaction conditions for preparing carboxymethyl cellulose from sago waste
Pushpamalar, V., Langford, S. J., Ahmad, M. B., et al. (2006) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2005.12.003 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences
(2020) · Advances in Natural and Applied Sciences · doi:10.22587/anas · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Synthesis of carboxymethyl cellulose from waste of cotton ginning industry
Haleem, N., Arshad, M., Shahid, M., et al. (2014) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.07.023 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Flow properties of cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose from orange peel
Yaşar, F., Toğrul, H., & Arslan, N. (2006) · Journal of Food Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2006.10.022 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Asparagus Stalk End
Klunklin, W., Jantanasakulwong, K., Phimolsiripol, Y., et al. (2020) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym13010081 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl cellulose powder and films from Mimosa pigra
Rachtanapun, P., & Rattanapanone, N. (2011) · Journal of Applied Polymer Science · doi:10.1002/app.34316 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Suriyatem, R., Noikang, N., Kankam, T., et al. (2020) · Polymers · doi:10.3390/polym12071505 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Yuliasmi, S., Ginting, N., Wahyuni, H. S., Sigalingging, R. T., & Sibarani, T. (2019) · Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3889/oamjms.2019.523 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Jutidamrongphan W 2018 Sustainable Waste Management and Waste to Energy Recovery in Thailand (Advances in Biofuels and Bioenergy) (IntechOpen Limited, UK) chapter 11 pp 217-238
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Potential Valorization of Banana Production Waste in Developing Countries: Bio-Engineering Aspects
Waraczewski, R., & Sołowiej, B. G. (2024) · Fibers · doi:10.3390/fib12090072 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“A shorter extraction led to a lower yield because of an incomplete process, and a longer extraction caused the degradation of banana peel CMC, also causing a lower yield [21].”
Influential
- Authors
- Suchaiya, V, Choochouy, N., Chokboribal, J., Khammee, T., Nueangnun, K., & Jaroennon, P.
- Affiliations
- Phranakhon Rajabhat University (TH)
- Valaya Alongkorn Rajabhat University (TH)
- Venue
- Journal of Physics: Conference Series
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2022-01-01
- Volume
- 2175
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 012033
- ISSN
- 1742-6588 (ISSN-L)
- 1742-6596
- OpenAlex
- W4210724194
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1
- FWCI
- 6.97
- Type
- conference paper
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Physics Conference Series (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Thailand Science Research and Innovation
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Advanced Cellulose Research Studies
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Polysaccharides Composition and Applications
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Polysaccharides and Plant Cell Walls
- Keywords
- carboxymethyl cellulose, banana peel, agricultural waste valorization, degree of substitution, reaction time (chemistry), etherification, chloroacetic acid, cellulose extraction, lignin removal, morphology (materials science)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
