Relationship between wingbeat frequency and resonant frequency of the wing in insects
Open accessAbstract
In this study, we experimentally studied the relationship between wingbeat frequency and resonant frequency of 30 individuals of eight insect species from five orders: Odonata (Sympetrum flaveolum), Lepidoptera (Pieris rapae, Plusia gamma and Ochlodes), Hymenoptera (Xylocopa pubescens and Bombus rupestric), Hemiptera (Tibicen linnei) and Coleoptera (Allomyrina dichotoma). The wingbeat frequency of free-flying insects was measured using a high-speed camera while the natural frequency was determined using a laser displacement sensor along with a Bruel and Kjaer fast Fourier transform analyzer based on the base excitation method. The results showed that the wingbeat frequency was related to body mass (m) and forewing area (Af), following the proportionality f ~ m(1/2)/Af, while the natural frequency was significantly correlated with area density (f0 ~ mw/Af, mw is the wing mass). In addition, from the comparison of wingbeat frequency to natural frequency, the ratio between wingbeat frequency and natural frequency was found to be, in general, between 0.13 and 0.67 for the insects flapping at a lower wingbeat frequency (less than 100 Hz) and higher than 1.22 for the insects flapping at a higher wingbeat frequency (higher than 100 Hz). These results suggest that wingbeat frequency does not have a strong relation with resonance frequency: in other words, insects have not been evolved sufficiently to flap at their wings' structural resonant frequency. This contradicts the general conclusion of other reports--that insects flap at their wings' resonant frequency to take advantage of passive deformation to save energy.
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Not all animal vibrations are performed at resonance.
“However, not all animal vibrations are performed at resonance (e.g., insect wing flapping [23]).”
From Biomechanics of the Peacock’s Display: How Feather Structure and Resonance Influence Multimodal Signaling (2016) · cites this paper as [23]
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Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Knospe C R 1998 Insect Flight Mechanisms: Anatomy and Kinematics (Charlottesville, VA: University Press of Virginia) Technical Report
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Dakin, R., McCrossan, O., Hare, J. F., Montgomerie, R., & Amador Kane, S. (2016) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0152759 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ha, N. S., Truong, Q. T., Goo, N. S., & Park, H. C.
- Affiliations
- Konkuk University (KR)
- Corresponding author
- Goo, Nam Seo
- Venue
- Bioinspiration & Biomimetics
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2013-10-29
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 046008
- ISSN
- 1748-3182 (ISSN-L)
- 1748-3190
- OpenAlex
- W2049579497
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 4.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Update notices
- correction (2015-02-04)
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Bioinspiration & Biomimetics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Konkuk University
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Aerospace Engineering › Aeroelasticity and Vibration Control
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Keywords
- wingbeat frequency, insect flight, flapping flight, body mass scaling, energy conservation, Odonata, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, Hemiptera, Coleoptera
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Clocks, Computer Simulation, Physical Exertion, Flight, Animal, Insecta, Models, Biological, Species Specificity, Viscosity, Wings, Animal, Elastic Modulus
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