The DOI matches its Crossref record; 55 of the 55 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Changes in observed climate extremes in global urban areas
Open accessAbstract
Climate extremes have profound implications for urban infrastructure and human society, but studies of observed changes in climate extremes over the global urban areas are few, even though more than half of the global population now resides in urban areas. Here, using observed station data for 217 urban areas across the globe, we show that these urban areas have experienced significant increases ( p -value <0.05) in the number of heat waves during the period 1973–2012, while the frequency of cold waves has declined. Almost half of the urban areas experienced significant increases in the number of extreme hot days, while almost 2/3 showed significant increases in the frequency of extreme hot nights. Extreme windy days declined substantially during the last four decades with statistically significant declines in about 60% in the urban areas. Significant increases ( p -value <0.05) in the frequency of daily precipitation extremes and in annual maximum precipitation occurred at smaller fractions (17 and 10% respectively) of the total urban areas, with about half as many urban areas showing statistically significant downtrends as uptrends. Changes in temperature and wind extremes, estimated as the result of a 40 year linear trend, differed for urban and non-urban pairs, while changes in indices of extreme precipitation showed no clear differentiation for urban and selected non-urban stations.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Nonparametric Tests Against Trend
Mann, H. B. (1945) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1907187 · Cited by 17,144
Estimates of the Regression Coefficient Based on Kendall's Tau
Sen, P. K. (1968) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1968.10480934 · Cited by 14,517
The Kolmogorov-Smirnov Test for Goodness of Fit
Massey, F. J. (1951) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1951.10500769 · Cited by 7,210
Global Change and the Ecology of Cities
Grimm, N. B., Faeth, S. H., Golubiewski, N. E., Redman, C. L., Wu, J., Bai, X., & Briggs, J. M. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1150195 · Cited by 7,139
Climate Extremes: Observations, Modeling, and Impacts
Easterling, D. R., Meehl, G. A., Parmesan, C., Changnon, S. A., Karl, T. R., & Mearns, L. O. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.289.5487.2068 · Cited by 4,867
Global observed changes in daily climate extremes of temperature and precipitation
Alexander, L. V., Zhang, X., Peterson, T. C., Caesar, J., Gleason, B., Klein Tank, A. M. G., Haylock, M., Collins, D., Trewin, B., Rahimzadeh, F., et al. (2006) · Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres · doi:10.1029/2005jd006290 · Cited by 4,492
Local Climate Zones for Urban Temperature Studies
Stewart, I. D., & Oke, T. R. (2012) · Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society · doi:10.1175/bams-d-11-00019.1 · Cited by 4,419
Impact of regional climate change on human health
Patz, J. A., Campbell-Lendrum, D., Holloway, T., & Foley, J. A. (2005) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04188 · Cited by 3,103
Constraints on future changes in climate and the hydrologic cycle
Allen, M. R., & Ingram, W. J. (2002) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature01092 · Cited by 3,009
Millennium Ecosystem Assessment
(2012) · Strategic Environmental Assessment · doi:10.4324/9781849772631-19 · Cited by 2,617
Cited by
Ziter, C. D., Pedersen, E. J., Kucharik, C. J., & Turner, M. G. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1817561116 · Cited by 891
Urban heat island mitigation by green infrastructure in European Functional Urban Areas
Marando, F., Heris, M. P., Zulian, G., Udías, A., Mentaschi, L., Chrysoulakis, N., Parastatidis, D., & Maes, J. (2022) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2021.103564 · Cited by 523
Heat Waves: Physical Understanding and Scientific Challenges
Barriopedro, D., García‐Herrera, R., Ordóñez, C., Miralles, D. G., & Salcedo‐Sanz, S. (2023) · Reviews of Geophysics · doi:10.1029/2022rg000780 · Cited by 404
Integrating solutions to adapt cities for climate change
Lin, B. B., Ossola, A., Alberti, M., Andersson, E., Bai, X., Dobbs, C., Elmqvist, T., Evans, K. L., Frantzeskaki, N., Fuller, R. A., et al. (2021) · The Lancet Planetary Health · doi:10.1016/s2542-5196(21)00135-2 · Cited by 172
Mapping vulnerability to extreme heat events: Lessons from metropolitan Chicago
Wilson, B., & Chakraborty, A. (2019) · Journal of Environmental Planning and Management · doi:10.1080/09640568.2018.1462475 · Cited by 71
Metadata
- Authors
- Mishra, V., Ganguly, A. R., Nijssen, B., & Lettenmaier, D. P.
- Venue
- Environmental Research Letters
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 2015-01-29
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 024005
- ISSN
- 1748-9326 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2087948303
- Cited by
- 329
- References
- 55
- FWCI
- 20.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Changes in observed climate extremes in global urban areas. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024005
- The paper
- Mishra, V., Ganguly, A. R., Nijssen, B., & Lettenmaier, D. P. (2015). Changes in observed climate extremes in global urban areas. Environmental Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/2/024005
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.