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Cited by 320Social Acceptance of Renewable EnergyExtractivism and Socioeconomic IssuesMining and Resource Management

Movements shaping climate futures: A systematic mapping of protests against fossil fuel and low-carbon energy projects

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Temper, Leah, Avila, Sofia, Bene, Daniela Del, Gobby, Jennifer, Kosoy, Nicolas, Billon, Philippe Le, Martinez-Alier, Joan, Perkins, Patricia +3 more·2020·Environmental Research Letters
DOI 10.1088/1748-9326/abc197
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Abstract

In this article we undertake a systematic mapping of 649 cases of resistance movements to both fossil fuel (FF) and low carbon energy (LCE) projects, providing the most comprehensive overview of such place-based energy-related mobilizations to date. We find that (1) Place-based resistance movements are succeeding in curbing both fossil-fuel and low-carbon energy projects. Over a quarter of projects encountering social resistance have been cancelled, suspended or delayed. (2) The evidence highlights that low carbon, renewable energy and mitigation projects are as conflictive as FF projects, and that both disproportionately impact vulnerable groups such as rural communities and Indigenous peoples. Amongst LCE projects, hydropower was found to have the highest number of conflicts with concerns over social and environmental damages. (3) Repression and violence against protesters and land defenders was rife in almost all activities, with 10% of all cases analysed involving assassination of activists. Violence was particularly common in relation to hydropower, biomass, pipelines and coal extraction. Wind, solar and other renewables were the least conflictive and entailed lower levels of repression than other projects. The results caution that decarbonization of the economy is by no means inherently environmentally innocuous or socially inclusive. We find that conflicts and collective action are driven by multiple concerns through which community mobilization seeks to reshape the energy regime and its impacts. These include claims for localization, democratic participation, shorter energy chains, anti-racism, climate-justice-focused governance, and Indigenous leadership. Climate and energy policymakers need to pay closer attention to the demands and preferences of these collective movements pointing to transformative pathways to decarbonization.

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  • The proliferation of ecological destruction conflicts reflects the shortcomings of state-led forms of environmental justice and the erasure of life-worlds and alternative ways of being, knowing, and doing in the world.

    “The proliferation of ecological destruction conflicts (Scheidel et al., 2020; Temper et al., 2020), moreover, not only reflects the shortcomings of state-led forms of environmental justice, but also the erasure of life-worlds and, consequently, alternative ways of being, knowing, and doing in the world.”

    From The political ecologies of "green" extractivism(s): An introduction (2024) · cites this paper as Temper et al., 2020

    Sections 3.2.3.2 and 4.3 link energy-project conflicts to inadequate consultation, exclusion from decision-making, and threats to communities’ lands and cultural practices. Section 3.3.1 also describes dispossession of Indigenous peoples. The paper does not clearly make the broader claim that the proliferation of these conflicts reflects an erasure of life-worlds and alternative ways of being, knowing, and doing. Page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.82)

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Authors
Temper, L., Avila, S., Bene, D. D., Gobby, J., Kosoy, N., Billon, P. L., Martinez-Alier, J., Perkins, P., Roy, B., Scheidel, A., & Walter, M.
Affiliations
  • McGill University (CA)
  • Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (ES)
  • University of British Columbia (CA)
  • York University (CA)
Corresponding author
  • Temper, Leah
  • Billon, Philippe Le
ORCID
Venue
Environmental Research Letters
Publisher
IOP Publishing
Published
2020-11-23
Volume
15
Issue
12
Pages
123004
ISSN
1748-9326 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1088/1748-9326/abc197
OpenAlex
W3107877676
Cited by
320
References
3
Citations by year
2026: 46 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 63 · 2023: 58 · 2022: 47 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 1
FWCI
45.71
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Environmental Research Letters (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
Funders
  • H2020 European Research Council (GA 695446)
  • International Science Council (TKN150317115354)
  • Leadership for the Ecozoic
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Acceptance of Renewable Energy
  • Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Extractivism and Socioeconomic Issues
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Mining and Resource Management
Keywords
protest movements, hydropower, biomass energy, pipelines, coal mining, violence against activists, indigenous peoples, vulnerable populations, climate justice, decarbonization, community mobilization, democratic participation, anti-racism, indigenous leadership

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