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Cited by 50Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, PhenomenaAstrophysical Phenomena and ObservationsCosmology and Gravitation Theories

A HIGHLY ELONGATED PROMINENT LENS AT z = 0.87: FIRST STRONG-LENSING ANALYSIS OF EL GORDO

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Zitrin, Adi, Menanteau, Felipe, Hughes, John P., Coe, Dan, Barrientos, L. Felipe, Infante, Leopoldo, Mandelbaum, Rachel·2013·The Astrophysical Journal
DOI 10.1088/2041-8205/770/1/l15
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Abstract

We present the first strong-lensing (SL) analysis of the galaxy cluster ACT-CL J0102−4915 (El Gordo), in recent HST /ACS images, revealing a prominent strong lens at a redshift of z = 0.87. This finding adds to the already-established unique properties of El Gordo: it is the most massive, hot, X-ray luminous, and bright Sunyaev–Zeldovich effect cluster at z ≳ 0.6, and the only "bullet"-like merging cluster known at these redshifts. The lens consists of two merging massive clumps, where, for a source redshift of z s ∼ 2, each clump exhibits only a small, separate critical area, with a total area of 0.69 ± 0.11□' over the two clumps. For a higher source redshift, z s ∼ 4, the critical curves of the two clumps merge together into one bigger and very elongated lens (axis ratio ≃ 5.5), enclosing an effective area of 1.44 ± 0.22□'. The critical curves continue expanding with increasing redshift so that for high-redshift sources ( z s ≳ 9) they enclose an area of ∼1.91 ± 0.30□' (effective θ e ≃ 46 8 ± 3 7) and a mass of 6.09 ± 1.04 × 10 14 M ☉ . According to our model, the area of high magnification (μ > 10) for such high-redshift sources is ≃1.2□', and the area with μ > 5 is ≃2.3□', making El Gordo a compelling target for studying the high-redshift universe. We obtain a strong lower limit on the total mass of El Gordo, ≳ 1.7 × 10 15 M ☉ from the SL regime alone, suggesting a total mass of roughly M 200 ∼ 2.3 × 10 15 M ☉ . Our results should be revisited when additional spectroscopic and HST imaging data are available.

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  • The strong-lensing analysis of Zitrin et al. (2013) has critical curves consistent with the mass distribution of Jee et al. (2014b) but not that of H15.

    “We find further support for this suggestion in the strong-lensing analysis of Zitrin et al. (2013), whose critical curves are consistent with the mass distribution of Jee et al. (2014b) but not that of H15.”

    From The Mismeasure of Mergers: Revised Limits on Self-interacting Dark Matter in Merging Galaxy Clusters (2018) · cites this paper as Zitrin et al. (2013)

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Authors
Zitrin, A., Menanteau, F., Hughes, J. P., Coe, D., Barrientos, L. F., Infante, L., & Mandelbaum, R.
Affiliations
  • Heidelberg University (DE)
  • Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
  • Space Telescope Science Institute (US)
  • Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (CL)
  • Carnegie Mellon University (US)
Corresponding author
Zitrin, Adi
ORCID
Venue
The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher
American Astronomical Society
Published
2013-05-30
Volume
770
Issue
1
Pages
L15
ISSN
  • 2041-8205 (ISSN-L)
  • 2041-8213
DOI
10.1088/2041-8205/770/1/l15
OpenAlex
W2042536772
Cited by
50
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 2
FWCI
3.07
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • The Astrophysical Journal Letters (publishedVersion)
  • arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
  • Americanae (AECID Library) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • LA Referencia (Red Federada de Repositorios Institucionales de Publicaciones Científicas) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • arXiv (Cornell University)
Funders
  • National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NAS 526555, 526555, NAS 5-32865)
  • Space Telescope Science Institute (NAS5- 26555, 5-26555, 26555)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations
  • Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Keywords
El Gordo, galaxy clusters, strong gravitational lensing, critical curves, cluster mergers, Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, cluster mass estimation, high-redshift sources, magnification

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