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Bose-Einstein condensation
Abstract
In 1924 the Indian physicist Satyendra Nath Bose sent Einstein a paper in which he derived the Planck law for black-body radiation by treating the photons as a gas of identical particles. Einstein generalized Bose's theory to an ideal gas of identical atoms or molecules for which the number of particles is conserved and, in the same year, predicted that at sufficiently low temperatures the particles would become locked together in the lowest quantum state of the system. We now know that this phenomenon, called Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), only happens for “bosons” – particles with a total spin that is an integer multiple of h, the Planck constant divided by 2π.
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Citations
Cited by
Many-body physics with ultracold gases
Bloch, I., Dalibard, J., & Zwerger, W. (2008) · Reviews of Modern Physics · doi:10.1103/revmodphys.80.885 · Cited by 8,114
Ultracold atomic gases in optical lattices: mimicking condensed matter physics and beyond
Lewenstein, M., Sanpera, A., Ahufinger, V., Damski, B., Sen(De), A., & Sen, U. (2007) · Advances in Physics · doi:10.1080/00018730701223200 · Cited by 2,104
Dicke quantum phase transition with a superfluid gas in an optical cavity
Baumann, K., Guerlin, C., Brennecke, F., & Esslinger, T. (2010) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature09009 · Cited by 1,530
Ultracold quantum gases in optical lattices
Bloch, I. (2005) · Nature Physics · doi:10.1038/nphys138 · Cited by 1,457
Universality in few-body systems with large scattering length
Braaten, E., & Hammer, H.-W. (2006) · Physics Reports · doi:10.1016/j.physrep.2006.03.001 · Cited by 1,313
Metadata
- Authors
- Townsend, C., Ketterle, W., & Stringari, S.
- Venue
- Physics World
- Publisher
- IOP Publishing
- Published
- 1997-03
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 29-36
- ISSN
- 0953-8585 (ISSN-L)
- 2058-7058
- OpenAlex
- W2562972486
- Cited by
- 2,627
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 13.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Townsend, C., Ketterle, W., & Stringari, S. (1997). Bose-Einstein condensation. Physics World. https://doi.org/10.1088/2058-7058/10/3/21
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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
