Dicke quantum phase transition with a superfluid gas in an optical cavity
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A phase transition describes the sudden change of state of a physical system, such as melting or freezing. Quantum gases provide the opportunity to establish a direct link between experiments and generic models that capture the underlying physics. The Dicke model describes a collective matter-light interaction and has been predicted to show an intriguing quantum phase transition. Here we realize the Dicke quantum phase transition in an open system formed by a Bose-Einstein condensate coupled to an optical cavity, and observe the emergence of a self-organized supersolid phase. The phase transition is driven by infinitely long-range interactions between the condensed atoms, induced by two-photon processes involving the cavity mode and a pump field. We show that the phase transition is described by the Dicke Hamiltonian, including counter-rotating coupling terms, and that the supersolid phase is associated with a spontaneously broken spatial symmetry. The boundary of the phase transition is mapped out in quantitative agreement with the Dicke model. Our results should facilitate studies of quantum gases with long-range interactions and provide access to novel quantum phases.
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The most advanced experiments with AQSs have been with ultracold atoms in optical lattices.
“The most advanced experiments with AQSs have been with ultracold atoms in optical lattices [3, 5-15, 19, 71].”
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- Authors
- Baumann, K., Guerlin, C., Brennecke, F., & Esslinger, T.
- Affiliations
- ETH Zurich (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Esslinger, Tilman
- Venue
- Nature
- Published
- 2010-04
- Volume
- 464
- Issue
- 7293
- Pages
- 1301-1306
- ISSN
- 0028-0836 (ISSN-L)
- 1476-4687
- OpenAlex
- W2121627664
- Cited by
- 1,530
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
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- FWCI
- 40.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- arxiv.org
- Locations
- Nature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- arXiv (Cornell University)
- Bulletin of the American Physical Society
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Strong Light-Matter Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Cold Atom Physics and Bose-Einstein Condensates
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics › Quantum optics and atomic interactions
- Keywords
- Dicke model, quantum phase transitions, supersolid phase, Bose-Einstein condensate, optical resonators, light-matter interaction, long-range interactions, two-photon processes, spontaneous symmetry breaking, rubidium atoms, open quantum systems
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